Drive PPT

Question 1

Measures emitted energy; based on measuring EM in the infrared region; 3-5µm (MIR) and 8-14µm (TIR)

Answer 1

thermal remote sensing

Question 2

the main factor in thermal remote sensing

Answer 2

Surface temperature

Question 3

T or F: thermal remote sensing cannot be performed during night time

Answer 3

False. it can be performed during night time.

Question 4

“the radiation maximum shifts to longer wavelengths as temperature decreases” is based on what law

Answer 4

Wien’s Law

Question 5

T or F: as energy varies. spectral characteristics also varies

Answer 5

True

Question 6

wavelength at which blackbody radiation curve reaches
maximum

Answer 6

Dominant wavelength

Question 7

Materials that absorb and radiate only a certain fraction compared to a blackbody

Answer 7

Greybody

Question 8

radiate only a certain fraction of a blackbody, but this fraction changes with wavelength.

Answer 8

Selective Radiator

Question 9

The fraction of energy that is radiated by a material compared to a true blackbody

Answer 9

Emissivity

Question 10

emissivity values are most important and are used to distinguish between ____________

Answer 10

surface geologies

Question 11

highlight the areas where a surface material of interest is predominant; reduces the influence of differences in surface temperature

Answer 11

band ratio

Question 12

minimize the common information (i.e. surface temperature) and enhance the visibility of the differences in the bands. Include Principal Component Analysis (PCA) or Decorrelation Stretching, and Rock emissivity mapping

Answer 12

Transformations

Question 13

absorption bands in thermal infrared are mainly
caused by

Answer 13

silicate minerals (e.g. quartz, feldspar)

Question 14

T or F: many rock and soil types show distinct
spectra in the thermal infrared.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

detection and monitoring of small areas with thermal anomalies; related to fires, such as forest fires or underground coal fires, or to volcanic activity, such as lava flows and geothermal fields

Answer 15

Thermal hotspot detection

Question 16

Imaging spectrometry which typically acquire images in a large number of spectral bands (more than 100).

Answer 16

Hyperspectral imaging

Question 17

absorption in the wavelength region from 0.4 µm to 2.5 µm is commonly used to determine

Answer 17

mineralogical content of rocks

Question 18

Processes that cause absorption of electromagnetic radiation occur at a

Answer 18

molecular and atomic level

Question 19

two types of hyperspectral imaging processes:

Answer 19

electronic and vibrational processes

Question 20

individual atoms or ions in minerals absorb photons of specific wavelengths, which cause absorptions at certain wavelengths in reflectance spectra; Fe3+ atoms in iron
oxides and hydroxides

Answer 20

Electronic processes

Question 21

molecular bonds absorb photons, which results in vibration of these molecules; Al-OH bonds in clay minerals, bonds in H2O and OH−in hydrous minerals, and in CO32− in carbonate minerals.

Answer 21

Vibrational processes

Question 22

aim at quantifying the statistical or physical relationship between measurements at a pixel scale and field or laboratory spectral responses of target materials of interest.

Answer 22

Spectral matching algorithms

Question 23

calculates the spectral similarity between an unknown reflectance spectrum, (consisting of band values ti), and a reference (field or laboratory) reflectance spectrum, (consisting of band values ri), and expresses the spectral similarity of the two in terms of the vector angle, θ, between the two spectra as calculated using all the bands

Answer 23

spectral angle mapper (SAM)

Question 24

observed as pixel reflectance values result from the spectral mixture of a number of ground classes present at the sensed surface

Answer 24

Spectral unmixing

Question 25

Mixing is linear if:

Answer 25

1. multiple scattering does not occur inside the same material
2. no interaction between materials occurs
3. the scale of mixing is very large as opposed to the grain size of the materials.

Question 26

what are the sources contributing to spectral mixing

Answer 26

optical imaging systems, all materials present in the field of view, variable illumination conditions