Second Language Acquisition

Question 1

What percent of the world speaks more than one language?

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What is the difference between SLA and bilingualism?

Answer 2

Bilingualism usually refers to the simultaneous acquisitions of 2 L1s

Question 3

What does the term “interlanguage” mean?

Answer 3

This is the grammatical system of an L2 learner.

Question 4

What 2 things do interlanguages contain?

Answer 4

• It contains features from their L1 (transfer) and this can be a positive or negative transfer
• And contains features of the L2

Question 5

What is communicative competence?

Answer 5

This si the full range of linguistic abilities that a speak has in their L1.

Question 6

What is sociolinguistic competence?

Answer 6

This happens when fluency occurs, and so the speaker knows about the appropriateness of structures according to social contexts.
i.e. that sucks vs how unfortunate

Question 7

There’s a ____ cost to fluency and a _____ cost to accuracy.

Answer 7

1. accuracy

2. fluency

Question 8

What do learners replace L2 phonemes with L1 phonemes?

Answer 8

This happens because people shouldn’t wait until they mastered every sound to start talking.

Question 9

What is the Markedness Differential Hypothesis?

Answer 9

This is the claim that typologically marked sounds are harder to master in an L2.
So, it’s easy to learn a sound if it occurs in a common position (typologically)

Question 10

What is the order of community for languages to make a contrast?

Answer 10

1. Word initial
2. Meidal
3. Final

Question 11

There is a tendency to follow ____ phonotactics in your _____. What’s an example?

Answer 11

1. L1
2. L2
   Arabic only allows CVC, so they will rely on epenthesis i.e. plant > pi-lan-ti

Question 12

What kind of evidence do Hispanophones leaners of English need to reset their null subject parameter?

Answer 12

They need negative evidence… they need to be explicitly corrected when they use the null subject

Question 13

Is there a critical period for L2 acquisition?

Answer 13

That is too general of a question…

Question 14

Are children or adults better at phonology?

Answer 14

kids

Question 15

At what age are people generally more successful at L2 learning?

Answer 15

before 7

Question 16

Who are generally better at vocal and syntax and why?

Answer 16

Adults because they tend to be smarter.

Question 17

Why are children better at speaking initially?

Answer 17

They have more time and fewer psychological filters

Question 18

What are 2 kinds of motivation?

Answer 18

Instrumental and integrative

Question 19

What is instrumental motivation?

Answer 19

This involved specific goals

i.e. learning a lgnauge to get a promotion

Question 20

What is integrative motivation?

Answer 20

This involved being part of a the target language group.

i.e. living in a french community and wanting to be able to communicate

Question 21

What type of motivation helps with success more?

Answer 21

Integrative

Question 22

What 3 core things are need for teaching languages?

Answer 22

1. Allowing for interaction
2. Draw attention to erroneous/correct (focus on form)
3. Modify the input that the learner receives

Question 23

For leanring to take place, an individual needs to be exposed to ________ input

Answer 23

Comprehensible

Question 24

What is the ideal input level to promote progress?

Answer 24

CI + 1

So, input that is just beyond a person’s current abilities

Question 25

Are recasts beneficial in L2 as L1?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

Corrective feedback is beneficial providing what 3 things?

Answer 26

1. It’s timely
2. It is relevant (contextualized)
3. Not too far beyond the learner’s level

Question 27

When was French immersion first introduced into the school program?

Answer 27

1965

Question 28

What 2 subtypes of french immersion exist?

Answer 28

Full and partial

Question 29

What age do early, middle and late immersion begin?

Answer 29

• age 5
• age 8
• age 11

Question 30

How many students are enrolled in french immersion programs across Canada/

Answer 30

342 000

Question 31

What 3 relevant characteristics that facilitate learning within the immersion program?

Answer 31

1. Bilingualism is viewed as additive
2. Students all been at the same low level
3. teacher understand both english and french

Question 32

What is submersion

Answer 32

These are programs found in the States that are there for migrants

Question 33

What is the difference between submersion and immersion programs?

Answer 33

Submersion is for transitional use only.
The students vary in language competence
There is very little support for transitioning from L1 to L2.

Question 34

Those who are in the immersion program have productive skills _______ francophones and receptive skills ______ francophones.

Answer 34

Productive skills below

receptive skills comparable.