Second Language Acquisition Flashcards
What percent of the world speaks more than one language?
60%
What is the difference between SLA and bilingualism?
Bilingualism usually refers to the simultaneous acquisitions of 2 L1s
What does the term “interlanguage” mean?
This is the grammatical system of an L2 learner.
What 2 things do interlanguages contain?
- It contains features from their L1 (transfer) and this can be a positive or negative transfer
- And contains features of the L2
What is communicative competence?
This si the full range of linguistic abilities that a speak has in their L1.
What is sociolinguistic competence?
This happens when fluency occurs, and so the speaker knows about the appropriateness of structures according to social contexts.
i.e. that sucks vs how unfortunate
There’s a ____ cost to fluency and a _____ cost to accuracy.
- accuracy
2. fluency
What do learners replace L2 phonemes with L1 phonemes?
This happens because people shouldn’t wait until they mastered every sound to start talking.
What is the Markedness Differential Hypothesis?
This is the claim that typologically marked sounds are harder to master in an L2.
So, it’s easy to learn a sound if it occurs in a common position (typologically)
What is the order of community for languages to make a contrast?
- Word initial
- Meidal
- Final
There is a tendency to follow ____ phonotactics in your _____. What’s an example?
- L1
- L2
Arabic only allows CVC, so they will rely on epenthesis i.e. plant > pi-lan-ti
What kind of evidence do Hispanophones leaners of English need to reset their null subject parameter?
They need negative evidence… they need to be explicitly corrected when they use the null subject
Is there a critical period for L2 acquisition?
That is too general of a question…
Are children or adults better at phonology?
kids
At what age are people generally more successful at L2 learning?
before 7
Who are generally better at vocal and syntax and why?
Adults because they tend to be smarter.
Why are children better at speaking initially?
They have more time and fewer psychological filters
What are 2 kinds of motivation?
Instrumental and integrative
What is instrumental motivation?
This involved specific goals
i.e. learning a lgnauge to get a promotion
What is integrative motivation?
This involved being part of a the target language group.
i.e. living in a french community and wanting to be able to communicate
What type of motivation helps with success more?
Integrative
What 3 core things are need for teaching languages?
- Allowing for interaction
- Draw attention to erroneous/correct (focus on form)
- Modify the input that the learner receives
For leanring to take place, an individual needs to be exposed to ________ input
Comprehensible
What is the ideal input level to promote progress?
CI + 1
So, input that is just beyond a person’s current abilities
Are recasts beneficial in L2 as L1?
Yes
Corrective feedback is beneficial providing what 3 things?
- It’s timely
- It is relevant (contextualized)
- Not too far beyond the learner’s level
When was French immersion first introduced into the school program?
1965
What 2 subtypes of french immersion exist?
Full and partial
What age do early, middle and late immersion begin?
- age 5
- age 8
- age 11
How many students are enrolled in french immersion programs across Canada/
342 000
What 3 relevant characteristics that facilitate learning within the immersion program?
- Bilingualism is viewed as additive
- Students all been at the same low level
- teacher understand both english and french
What is submersion
These are programs found in the States that are there for migrants
What is the difference between submersion and immersion programs?
Submersion is for transitional use only.
The students vary in language competence
There is very little support for transitioning from L1 to L2.
Those who are in the immersion program have productive skills _______ francophones and receptive skills ______ francophones.
Productive skills below
receptive skills comparable.
