second geography test

Question 1

What is physical geography?

Answer 1

the study of the physical features of the earth’s surface.

Question 2

what are the 4 proofs of continental drift?

Answer 2

1. different continents fit together i.e South America and Africa
2. Similar fossils were found on different continents i.e South America and Africa
3. Similar mountains on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean – Appalachians in North America is similar in age and structure to mountains in Britain and Europe, The Caledonian Mts
4. Ice sheets in Southern Africa, India, Australia, and South America – indicating the continents were once attached to Antarctica

Question 3

what is the rock cycle?

Answer 3

The rock cycle is a concept used to explain how the three basic rock types are related and how Earth processes, over geologic time, change a rock from one type into another

Question 4

what are the 3 types of rocks?

Answer 4

Sedimentary (fossils), igneous (cooled lava), and metamorphic (formed underground)

Question 5

what is produced due to glacial lakes? (lakes formed by glaciers)

Answer 5

The result of these is very flat land, deep, rich soils, and prime farmland

Question 6

How many components of the Earth are there?

Answer 6

Four (atmosphere, crust, mantle, core)

Question 7

what type of plate boundaries leads to volcanic boundaries?

Answer 7

Divergent plate boundaries (going away from each other)

Question 8

How do we measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

Answer 8

the Richter scale

Question 9

What are 2 examples of erosion?

Answer 9

removal of materials and changes to drainage patterns.

Question 10

What was the supercontinent called when all the continents collided with one another?

Answer 10

Pangea

Question 11

what is the difference between sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Answer 11

how they’re formed

Question 12

what happens when 2 continental plates converge (collide)

Answer 12

they bend and fold against each other, causing mountain ranges to be formed.

Question 13

what happens when a continental plate and an oceanic plate converge? (collide)

Answer 13

the denser ocean plate subducts under the continental one (goes under) and creating a trench. this also creates a subduction zone, where volcanic mountains can form.

Question 14

what are the two types of cores?

Answer 14

outer core, which is liquidy and made of Fe and Ni, and the inner core, which is solid and made of Fe and Ni.

Question 15

what are the two types of crusts?

Answer 15

continental crust, which is older and thicker then the oceanic crust, and the oceanic crust, which is younger and thinner then the continental crust.

Question 16

how are metamorphic rocks formed?

Answer 16

when igneous and sedimentary rocks are under intense heat and pressure.

Question 17

how are igneous rocks formed?

Answer 17

when sedimentary and metamorphic rock get deep enough in the earth that they melt into magma, which gets cooled and turned into igneous rock.

Question 18

how are sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 18

igneous rock, metamorphic rock and even sedimentary rock all are effected by weathering, erosion and deposition, which turns them into sediments, which then get compacted and cemented into sedimentary rock.