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Hist 215 > second exam > Flashcards

second exam Flashcards

1
Q

yin and yang

A

complementary opposites

darkness, light; moon, sun; night, day; earth, heaven; feminine, masculine

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2
Q

taijitu

A

yin and yang symbols

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3
Q

I Ching

A

an ancient divination manual that contains descriptions of trigrams and hexagrams

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4
Q

trigrams

A

represent complementary opposites, earth and heaven, thunder and wind, fire and water, river and mountain

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5
Q

hexagrams

A

figure of 6 horizontally stacked lines where a line is yang (solid) or yin (broken)

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6
Q

tai chi

A

slow moving exercising that tries to get the whole body working out together in unison

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7
Q

qigong

A

meditative breathing with a close connection to tai chi

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8
Q

falun gong

A

religious spiritual practice that combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy

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9
Q

feng shui

A

system of laws considered to govern spatial arrangement and orientation in relation to the flow of energy and whose favorable or unfavorable effects are taken into account when siting and designing buildings

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10
Q

acupuncture

A

bodily stress relief with needles hitting pressure points

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11
Q

elixir of immortality

A

purification of the body and spirit to gain immortality through alchemy

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12
Q

qi

A

energy

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13
Q

zhenren

A

the natural and spontaneous person who is simply themselves

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14
Q

immortals

A

the eight immortals are people who discovered the way and went to live in nature and survived forever

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15
Q

Laozi

A

urges us to return to the earlier state when the Way was fully realized in the world
human nature is naturally good, and should be focused on what is going on in their own lives

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16
Q

wu-wei

A

action-less action or non-action

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17
Q

wu

A

emptiness

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18
Q

Dao

A

the way of all things; closest to the idea of ‘God’

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19
Q

Breeze

A

story by Zhuangzi where a fish named Minnow who becomes a bird named…
teaches that ‘little knowledge does not measure up to big knowledge’

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20
Q

tong

A

throughness or the passage of the Dao

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21
Q

goblet words

A

words that adapt to a follow the nature of the world and achieve a state of harmony

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22
Q

Huizi

A

had a conversation with Zhuangzi about what happiness is to humans; surrendering to the flow of life as a fish does to the flow of water

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23
Q

Buddha Shakyamuni

A

child born to a virgin mother named Siddhartha Gautama born a religious sage

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24
Q

the four sights

A

on the road, Gautama saw the old man, the diseased man, the dead man and the ascetic man who prompted him to leave his life of luxury and become an ascetic

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25
Q

the middle path

A

the path that ultimately worked for Siddhartha to achieve enlightenment

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26
Q

Sanchi

A

The great stupa; gathering point for monks and nuns to exchange texts of the stories and sermons of the buddha created by the first buddhist emperor

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27
Q

Sarnath

A

where the buddha taught the dharma in India

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28
Q

stupa

A

dome-shaped buddhist shrine, gave way to pagodas

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29
Q

pagoda

A

tiered tower buddhist shrine

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30
Q

Mahayana

A

buddhism that became more popular along the Silk Road; human aspirations are supported by divine powers and their grace, the key virtue is compassion, the ideal is the Bodhisattva, and emphasizes ritual

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31
Q

Vajrayana

A

tantric buddhism; spiritual practices based on manuals, sexual excitement is a taste of enlightenment, developed in India

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32
Q

four noble truths

A

truth of suffering, cause of suffering, the end of suffering, the path that leads to the end of suffering

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33
Q

four noble truths

A

truth of suffering, cause of suffering, the end of suffering, the path that leads to the end of suffering

34
Q

Theravada

A

people are emancipated by self-effort without supernatural aid, the key virtue is wisdom, the ideal is the Arhat (primarily monks and nuns), the Buddha is a saint and supreme teacher, and centered on meditation

35
Q

bodhisattva

A

a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to save suffering beings

36
Q

anicca

A

impermanence; nothing in life is permanent

37
Q

anatta

A

rather than a definite self to cling to, there is an ever-shifting mosaic composed of 5 aggregates (physical form, feelings, perceptions, attitudes and consciousness)

38
Q

sangha

A

community of buddhism, mosaic community

39
Q

karma

A

action driven by intention which leads to future consequence

40
Q

samsara

A

reincarnation; essentially living the same life over and over due to ignorance

41
Q

nirvana

A

goal of buddhist path; release from reincarnation

42
Q

turning the wheel of the dharma

A

recognition (coming to terms), encouragement (examining a situation to understand its nature), realization (gaining insight after studying and reflecting)

43
Q

parinirvana

A

nirvana after-death; release from karma and rebirth

44
Q

dharma

A

the truth or sacred truth

45
Q

dukkha

A

unsatisfactoriness and painfulness of mundane life

46
Q

Silk Road

A

traces of Chinese silk found in Egypt, India, Persia, Arabia and all over the world; used for clothing, books, chairs paintings, liquid holders, etc

47
Q

Amitabha

A

buddhist figure of light and love who lives in paradise; takes you to paradise (enlightenment) living and after death

48
Q

Guanyin

A

god-like figure who becomes a bodhisattva; along the silk Road, gender was changed from male to female

49
Q

Vairocana

A

Mahayana Buddhist; embodiment of emptiness

50
Q

Xuanzang

A

Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled from China to India and returned with sutras

51
Q

Leizu

A

wife of the Yellow Emperor who is credited with the discovery of silk worms’ usefulness

52
Q

erhu

A

Chinese fiddle; bow stringed instrument

53
Q

Dunhuang

A

caves of the Thousand Buddhas; contains collections of Buddhist texts and artworks

54
Q

Nestorian Stele

A

scripture on stone that documents 150 years of early Christianity in China

55
Q

Jesus Sutras

A

collection of Chinese language texts created Zoroastrians travelling along the Silk Road

56
Q

Hui

A

Muslims in China

57
Q

Dalai Lama

A

every time he dies, a new one is reborn somewhere near the place of death

58
Q

tulku

A

the person who has ancient peoples reborn in him

59
Q

Potala

A

palace where the Dalai Lama would live that contained objects from all the previous Dalai Lamas

60
Q

Norbulingka

A

palace in Lhasa that served as the first residence of the Dalai Lama’s

61
Q

Shangri-la

A

legendary Himalayan paradise and image of Buddhist harmony

62
Q

Heinrich Harrer

A

European traveler trapped in a prison camp who snuck into Lhasa and became close friends with the Dalai Lama

63
Q

Dharamsala

A

Home to the Dalai Lama in India after Tibetan exile

64
Q

Lhasa

A

Holy City of Tibet

65
Q

lama

A

superior/spiritual leader

66
Q

vajra

A

like a scepter, but thought of as holding lightning made of meteorite or other precious metals

67
Q

mandala

A

symbolic, vibrant picture of the universe made in painting or colored sand

68
Q

prayer flag

A

flags written with prayers on them to flap in the wind so that prayers are continuously spreading good will

69
Q

mani

A

prayer wheel with ‘om mane padme hum’ inscribed on it

70
Q

Panchen Lama

A

step below the Dalai Lama who is to be trained by the Dalai Lama

71
Q

Chan

A

chinese term for mediation, which becomes zen in Japanese

72
Q

Kashyapa

A

28th ancestor of the Bodhidharma

73
Q

Bodhidharma

A

originally an Indian monk credited as the transmitter of Chan Buddhism to China, and regarded as its first Chinese patriarch

74
Q

the two paths

A

the way of understanding and the way of practice

75
Q

Shaolin

A

temple of zen, home to Chinese Buddhist monks

76
Q

pagoda forest

A

stupas to mark the graves of monks who died at the Shaolin monastery

77
Q

Hui-k’o

A

taught Bodhidharma to meditate in the mountains

78
Q

kung fu

A

type of meditation used later as a form of hand to hand combat
mimics animal movements

79
Q

parikrama

A

meditative walk usually in a circle

80
Q

Big Wild Goose Pagoda

A

pagoda used to house Buddhist scriptures on one end of the Silk Road

81
Q

trishna

A

clinging or attachment to physical things in the universe (part of the four noble truths)

Hist 215 (2 decks)

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