Second Exam

Question 1

Four parts of bull BSE

Answer 1

1. PE
2. Minimum scrotal circumference
3. Semen motility
4. Semen morphology

Question 2

Is a bull that doesn’t meets the semen criteria sterile?

Answer 2

No, recheck in 60 days (weather/sexual fest can ⬇️ fertility)

Question 3

What are spheroids and their significance?

Answer 3

Spheroids= immature sperm cells that have been released from the Sertoli cells.

+/- indicate testicular insult (heat, cold, trauma, “rusty load”)

Question 4

Minimum scrotal circumference for yearling bulls? Mature bulls?

1. <15 months
2. 15-18 months
3. 19-21 months
4. 22-24 months
5. > 24 months

Answer 4

1. <15 months: 30 cm
2. 15-18 months: 31 cm
3. 19-21 months: 32 cm
4. 22-24 months: 33 cm
5. > 24 months: 34 cm

Question 5

List three secondary sperm abnormalities

Answer 5

1. Distal droplet
2. Kinked tail
3. Abaxial implantation
4. Dag like defect
5. Detached head

Question 6

List five primary secondary abnormalities

Answer 6

1. Diadem defects
2. Small/abnormal (pyriform) head
3. Nuclear vacuoles
4. Double tail
5. Enlarged mid piece

Question 7

Why are primary abnormalities more serious?

Answer 7

Because they equal a problem during a spermatogenic process, since they are of testicular origin.

Secondary are storage abnormalities, can disappear.

Question 8

Rule of thumb for number of cows per bull in a normal breeding season

Answer 8

1 cow/, month up to 36 months, then 1 cow/cm of scrotal circumference

Question 9

Three examples of deferring a bull during BSE

Answer 9

1. Decreased motility/morphology
2. Non compensate developers sperm defect
3. Scrotal circumference below minimum
4. Heat stress, lameness, immaturity

Question 10

Why is total sperm per ejaculate not calculated for routine BSE of bulls?

Answer 10

Because you cannot get a full ample with electroejaculation