Second Book Chapter One

Question 1

Organisms

Answer 1

Living things

Question 2

Cell

Answer 2

The basic unit of structure and function in an organism

Question 3

Unicellular

Answer 3

Single-called organisms, like bacteria

Question 4

Multicellular

Answer 4

Organisms that are composed of many cells

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

The combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down

Question 6

Stimulus

Answer 6

A Change in an organism’s surroundings that causes the organism to react

Question 7

Response

Answer 7

An action or a change in behavior

Question 8

Development

Answer 8

The process of change that occurs during an organism’s life, producing a more complex organism

Question 9

Asexual reproduction

Answer 9

Involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent

Question 10

Sexual reproduction

Answer 10

Involves two parents and combines their genetic material to produce a new organism that differs from both parents

Question 11

Spontaneous generation

Answer 11

The mistaken idea of living things that arise from nonliving sources

Question 12

Controlled experiment

Answer 12

A scientist carries out a series of tests that are identical in every respect except for one factor

Question 13

Autotrophs

Answer 13

Organisms that make their own food

Question 14

Heterotrophs

Answer 14

Organisms that cannot make their own food

Question 15

Homeostasis

Answer 15

The maintenance of stable internal condition

Question 16

Classification

Answer 16

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

Question 17

Taxonomy

Answer 17

The scientific study of how organisms are classified

Question 18

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 18

Each organism was given a unique, two-part scientific name (“binomial” means “two names”)

Question 19

Genus

Answer 19

A classification grouping that contains similar, closely related organisms

Question 20

Species

Answer 20

A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and produce

Question 21

Prokaryotes

Answer 21

Unicellular organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

A dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids

Question 23

Eurkaryotes

Answer 23

Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus

Question 24

Chordate

Answer 24

an animal that has a nerve chord and throat pouches at some point in life

Question 25

Notochord

Answer 25

A flexible rd that supports a chordate’s back

Question 26

Vertebrae

Answer 26

The backbone is made up of a stack of many small bones called vertabraes

Question 27

Ectotherm

Answer 27

An animal that produces little internal body heat

Question 28

Endotherm

Answer 28

An animal that controls the internal heat it produces and regulates its own temperature