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Life science > Chapter 2 Book 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Book 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Virus

A

A tiny nonliving particle that enters and the reproduces inside a living cell

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2
Q

Host

A

An organism that provides a source of energy for a virus or another organism

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3
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives on or in a host and causes it harm

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4
Q

Vaccine

A

A substance introduced in the body to help produce chemicals that destroy certain viruses.

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5
Q

Protist

A

Eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi

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6
Q

Protozoans

A

Animal-like protists

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7
Q

Pseudopods

A

Temporary bulges of the cell

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8
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

A structure that collects and expels excess water form the cell

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Hairlike projections beat with a wavelike motion, moving the organism

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10
Q

Algae

A

Plant-like protists

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11
Q

Pigments

A

Chemicals that produce color

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12
Q

Spore

A

A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

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13
Q

Nonvascular plants

A

Low-growing, have thing cell walls, and do not have roots for absorbing water from the ground

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14
Q

Rhizoids

A

Thin rootlike structures

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15
Q

Vascular plants

A

Plants with true vascular tissue

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16
Q

Phloem

A

Vascular tissue through which food moves

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17
Q

Xylem

A

Water and minerals travel through this vascular tissue

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18
Q

Fronds

A

Divided into many smaller kart that look like small leaves

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19
Q

Pollen

A

Tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells

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20
Q

Seed

A

A structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

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21
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A seed plant that produces naked seeds

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22
Q

Angiosperms

A

(Also known as flowering plants) share two important characteristics

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23
Q

Cotyledon

A

Seed leaf

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24
Q

Monocots

A

Angiosperms that have only one seed leaf

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25
Q

Dicots

A

Produce seeds with two seed leaves

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26
Q

Root cap

A

Protects the root form injury as the root grows throug

the soil

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27
Q

Cambium

A

Divides to produce new phloem and xylem that makes up most of wood

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28
Q

Stomata

A

Openings or pores

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29
Q

Transpiration

A

The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves

30
Q

Embryo

A

The young plant that develops from the zygote (fertilized egg)

31
Q

Germination

A

Occurs when the embryo begins to grow again an pushes out of the seed

32
Q

Flower

A

The reproductive structure of an angiosperm

33
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures

34
Q

Sepals

A

Leaflike structure that surrounds a bud

35
Q

Petals

A

Leaflike structures that poke out of the sepals when it has been broken as the flower blooms Generally the most colorful part of the flower

36
Q

Stamens

A

The male reproductive parts

37
Q

Pistils

A

The female parts

38
Q

Ovary

A

Protects the seeds as they develop

39
Q

Sporophyte

A

(Stage) a plant produces spores

40
Q

Gametophyte

A

(Stage) a plant produces two kinds of sex cells: sperm cells and egg cells

41
Q

Annuals

A

Flowering plants that produce a life cycle within one growing season

42
Q

Biennials

A

Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years

43
Q

Perennials

A

Flowering plants that live or more than two years

44
Q

Fertilization

A

Occurs when a perm cell unites with an egg cell

45
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg

46
Q

Cones

A

Reproductive structures that gymnosperms have

47
Q

Ovule

A

A structure that contains an egg cell

48
Q

Fruit

A

As a seed develops, the ovary changes into a fruit

49
Q

Tropism

A

A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus

50
Q

Hormone

A

Produced by. A plant is a chemical that affects how the plant grows and develops

51
Q

Auxin

A

An important plant hormone

52
Q

Photoperiodism

A

A plant’s response to seasonal changes in the length fight and day

53
Q

Critical night length

A

Some plants will only bloom when the night lasts a certain length of time

54
Q

Dormancy

A

A period when an organism’s growth or activity stops

55
Q

Peat

A

Over time, mosses become compressed into layers and form blackish-brown material (peat)

56
Q

Cnidarians

A

Invertebrates that aging stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity

57
Q

Mollusks

A

Invertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard shell

58
Q

Arthropods

A

Invertebrates that have outer coverings, segmented bodies, and pairs of jointed appendages

59
Q

Exoskeleton

A

Outer skeleton

60
Q

Echinoderm

A

An invertebrate that has an internal skeleton and system of fluid-filled tubes

61
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton

62
Q

Fish

A

A vertebrate that lives in water and uses fins to move

63
Q

Cartilage

A

A tissue more flexible than bone

64
Q

Amphibian

A

A vertebrate that is ectothermic and spends its early life in water and its adult life on land

65
Q

Reptile

A

An ectothermic vertebrate that has scaly skin and lungs and lay eggs on land

66
Q

Bird

A

An endothermic vertebrate that lays eggs and has feathers and has a four-chambered heart

67
Q

Mammals

A

Endothermic vertebrates that have skin covered wit fur or fair and has a four-chambered heart

68
Q

Mammary glands

A

Milk produced by organs

69
Q

Monotremes

A

Vertebrates that lay eggs

70
Q

Marsupials

A

Born at an early stage of development, and try usually continue to develop in a pouch on the mother’s body

71
Q

Placental mammal

A

Develops inside its mother’s body until its body systems can function independently

72
Q

Placenta

A

Materials are exchanged between the mother and the embryo through an organ called the placenta

Life science (10 decks)

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