Sec 31.4: Immunity and Technology Flashcards
What are 3 methods to control pathogens?
Antiseptics, Antibiotics, and Vaccines
What are antiseptics?
They are chemicals that kill pathogens outside the body (not specific)
What does rubbing alcohol do to pathogens?
It weakens their cell membrane so their nutrients leak out and it bursts
What are antibiotics?
They are medicines that target one type of bacteria or fungi and keep them from growing and reproducing
What is antibiotic resistance?
It occurs when bacteria mutate so that they are no longer affected by antibiotics - new medicines must be found for mutations
What is a vaccine?
It is a substance that contains the antigen of a pathogen and prevents, but does not cure, infection
What do vaccines do?
They allow a person to develop memory cells and acquired immunity against an illness without actually contracting the disease, because the pathogen is weakened and cannot reproduce or attack
What are the four types of vaccines?
Inactivated vaccines, Live attenuated vaccines, Component vaccines, and Toxoid vaccines?
What are inactivated vaccines?
They are those that contain whole dead bacteria or viruses
What are live attenuated vaccines?
They contain weak living pathogensW
hat are component vaccines?
They contain only the pathogen parts with the antigen (protein coat of virus without the genetic material)
What are toxoid vaccines?
They are made from inactivated bacterial toxins, or chemicals a bacterium produces that causes a person to become ill
What is your body’s response to vaccines?
Antigens in vaccine trigger an immune response and memory B cells are made, so when the real pathogen is encountered, memory B cells are activated quickly and fight off pathogens before you get sick
