Sec 30.1: Respiratory & Circulatory Functions

Question 1

What is the Circulatory System?

Answer 1

It is the body system that transports blood and other materials

Question 2

What is the function of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

It transports O2 and nutrients to body cells and carries oxygen-poor blood & CO2 back to the heart and lungs

Question 3

What is the Respiratory System?

Answer 3

It is the body system in which gas exchange takes place

Question 4

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 4

It brings O2 into the body and expels CO2 and water vapor - it is the “supply depot” where blood can pick up oxygen and deposit excess CO2

Question 5

What are 9 of the main organs of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

1. Sinus
2. Nose
3. Mouth
4. Epiglottis
5. Trachea
6. Lungs
7. Bronchi
8. Bronchiole
9. Alveoli

Question 6

What is the epligottis?

Answer 6

It is a small piece of tissue at the back of the throat that regulates airflow into the trachea - closes its entrance during swallowing to prevent choking

Question 7

What is the trachea?

Answer 7

It is the windpipe - a long structure made of soft tissue reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage that prevent peristalsis in the esophagus from blocking airways or closing the trachea.

Question 8

What are the lungs?

Answer 8

They are the organs that exchange gases in the blood with gases from the atmosphere - absorb O2 from air and expel CO2

Question 9

What are the bronchi?

Answer 9

They are the branches that separate the trachea into each lung

Question 10

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 10

They are the smallest branches that divide from the bronchi and end in alveoli

Question 11

What are alveoli?

Answer 11

They are clusters of tiny air sacs that give massive surface area for O2 absorption and CO2 release

Question 12

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 12

It is a dome-shaped muscle at the base of the rib cage that flattens when you inhale and your rib cage muscles contract.

Question 13

How does the respiratory process occur?

Answer 13

1) Air enters through the nose, where mucus moistens it and cilia filters the pathogens.
2) Epiglottis regulates airflow into the trachea to allow the air down the correct pipe
3) Trachea divides into two bronchi, through which air enters both lungs into bronchioles and alveoli (with massive surface area for oxygen absorption)
4) During inhalation, muscles contract, rib cage expands, and diaphragm flattens to increase the volume of the lungs
5) During exhalation, muscles, rib cage, and diaphragm relax, so diaphragm rises to expel air from the lungs

Question 14

What is the heart?

Answer 14

It is a muscular pump, fist-sized, that keeps the blood moving to every part of the body - blood circulates from heart, through body, and back every 60 secs

Question 15

What are arteries?

Answer 15

They are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Question 16

What are veins?

Answer 16

They are blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from the rest of the body back to the heart.

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

They are the tiny blood vessels that transport blood to and from the cells of the body and connect arteries and veins
- blood moves in single file
- materials easily diffuse in and out because their walls are only one cell thick

Question 18

How does the circulatory system maintain homeostasis?

Answer 18

1. Collects waste materials produced by digestion and cell metabolism and delivers them to liver and kidneys to be filtered and excreted out of the body
2. Helps maintain body temperature by distributing the heat produced in the muscles and internal organs

Question 19

How does activity or inactivity affect body temperature?

Answer 19

Activity = more heat, more heart pumps, dilated/ expanded vessels, skin heats
Inactivity and/or cold weather = constricted blood vessels to conserve heat, heat is redirected to main internal organs