sec 3 chem chap 2 Flashcards
arrangement of solid
very closely packed in an orderly manner
movement of a solid
vibrate and rotate about fixed positions
kinetic energy of a solid
possess very low kinetic energy (move slowly)
Force of attraction between the solid particles
strong
A solid has a _____ volume and shape
definite
A solid cannot be compressed as the particles are …
already very close to one another
Arrangement of a liquid
closely packed in a disorderly manner
Movement of a liquid
slide past one another freely
Kinetic energy of a liquid
possess low kinetic energy
Forces of Attraction between liquid particles
less strong compared to a solid
A liquid has a ____ volume but not _____
volume, shape
Why cant liquid particles be compressed?
their particles are packed quite closely together
Arrangement of a gas
very far apart in a disorderly manner
Movement of a gas
move quickly and randomly in any direction
Kinetic energy in a gas
possess very high kinetic energy (move fast)
forces of Attraction between gas particles
very weak forces of attraction
a gas has no _____ shape and ______
definite, volume
Does a gas take the shape and volume of its container?
Yes, as it can be compressed as the particles have a lot of space between them
Forming of bonds =
energy is given out to the surroundings.
Breaking of bonds =
energy is absorbed from the surrounding
When the state changes from a solid to a liquid or liquid to a gas, The particles
move faster as the kinetic energy of the particles move faster and energy is then gained to the surroundings
During , and particles absorb energy from the surroundings
melting, boiling and sublimation
When the state changes from a gas to liquid (or liquid to a solid), the particles…
The particles move more slowly (kinetic energy of particles decreases) and Energy is lost to the surroundings. * During freezing, condensation and vapour deposition particles lose energy to the surrounding.
During , and particles lose energy to the surroundings
freezing, condensation and vapour deposition
during vapour deposition(converting from gas to solid)
Some substances can change directly from a gas to a solid.
What is the temperature during vapour deposition
The temperature remains constant during vapour deposition, until all the gas has become a solid.
What is the difference between evaporation and boiling
Evaporation can occur at any temperature whereas boiling occurs only at the boiling point of the substance.
Particle movement _____ when diffusion is complete.
does not stop and will continue to move randomly, with no net change in concentration observed.
Describe the movement of the particles in the gas jar(diffusion)
The bromine molecules diffuse upwards from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, so the gas jar on top turns browns whereas the Tair particles diffuse downwards from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, until both gas jars turns to the same brown colour.
What increases the rate of diffusion
higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion as the particles possess greater kinetic energy, making them move faster they are able to move faster(which increases the rate of diffusion)
Mass of particles of a substance can be quantified by comparing the
relative molecular mass (Mr ) of the substance.
why does the rate of diffusion decrease when there is an Increase in relative molecular mass
Particles with higher particle mass require more kinetic energy to move at the same speed.
order of diffusion for ammonia, bromine and hydrogen chloride
- ammonia
- hydrogen chloride
- bromine
what is a relative atomic mass?
the bottom number of the element in the periodic table
Porous pot – contains
pores that allow gases to diffuse.
What reflects the pressure in the porous pot
The water level in the tubing attached to the porous pot
Why are the water levels in the tubing the same level the same at the start of the experiment
because the pressure in the porous pot is the same as the atmospheric pressure.
How to tell the difference in diffusion rates of the gases
the water level in the tubing
read slide 16/19 of chapt 2 pt 2
read slide 16/19 of chapt 2 pt 2
