Sec 1 Introduction and chpater 1 Flashcards
What is history
History is the study of the past
Types of sources
Artefacts, pictorial records, written accounts and records, oral accounts
What are artefacts
Objects used and left behind by ppl in past
What are pictorial records
Maps, photographs, painting, posters, cartoons
What are written accounts and records
Personal and government documents, newspapers, letters, books
What are oral accounts
Spoken words, stories, eyewitness accounts
What happens when new evidence come to light?
Claims about the past may change
Why study history
- understand what ppl went thru in the past
- make connections between past n present, anticipate future
- acquire critical thinking skills
When was sg yr of independence
1965
How is sg important to the world
Sg is an important trading centre
Who was dominant during 1st to 7th century
Funan kingdom, port of oc eo
Who was dominant from 7 to 13 century
Srivijaya empire, port of palembang
Who was dominant from 13 to 16 century
Majapahit, port of gresik/ melaka sultanate, port of melaka
who was dominant from 16 to 18 century
Johor sultanate
What is decade
10 yrs
What is century
100 yrs
What is millennium
1000 yrs
Where is sg geographical location
Sg is part of the region of southeast asia, south of China and east of India
What was china demanded for
Silk, ceramics
What products from southeast asia were valuable in China and India
Spices, scented wood, shells
What is most important trade link between civilisations of asia, middle east, europe
Silk Road
Why did silk road become less used
Route became less safe as there was increased danger and difficulties
What route was used instead of silk road
Maritime Route
What happened in response of the increased use of maritime trade route
Trading centres emerged and developed in Southeast Asia
How did some maritime ports grow into small kingdoms (maritime kingdoms)
Travellers from china, india, middle east, southeast asia would stop at various ports to pick up items to trade or acquire supplies or wait for favourable weather conditions to continue their journeys
Give 2 examples of maritime kingdoms in southeast asia
Srivijaya, melaka sultanate
What route is the quickest from China to India or vice versa
Straits of Melaka
What is the advantages of taking faster routes
- Reduces amount and cost of supplies
- Reduces risk of pirate attacks n accidents
How else does singapore location benefit (winds)
Monsoon winds
What is monsoon winds
Seasonal rain-bearing winds
What are the two types of monsoon winds
Southwest monsoons blow from June to Sep
Northeast monsoons blow from dec to mar
Which countries have attempted to control straits of melaka
Chinese, Portuguese, dutch, japanese, british
Where did srivijaya develop
Srivijaya developed around the port of Palembang in Sumatra
Where did external threats to Srivijaya come from
Chola Kingdom (Southern India) Siamese Kingdom (Thailand) Majapahit (Java)
Why did Singapore grow in popularity in 14 Century
- decline of srivijaya, trade shifted northwards
- Trade between China and southeast Asia increased
Why had Singapore declined by the 15 century (5 reasons)
- overshadowed by new port :melaka
- climatic and economic changes affected trade with China, Chinese economy collapsed
- trade between China and southeast asia suffered
- Fell prey to external threats
- Melaka sultanate became one of the dominant trading centres
Which countries created external threats to Singapore
Kingdoms of Majapahit
Kingdoms of Ayutthaya (thailand)
How did Melaka grow as a trading centre (2 reasons)
- Parameswara established Melaka’s status as a vassal of China (pay tribute to China for protection in return)
- Given security from threats posed by rivals
What happened to Sg when Melaka grew as a trading centre
Sg was overshadowed by melaka and ceased to serve its previous role as the centre of trade linking the Indian ocean and south china sea
Why was Sg still important to Melaka
SG was home to Orang Laut
Who is the orang laut
Seafaring ppl who were the backbone of Melaka’s naval forces
What happened at the beginning of the 16 century (about europe)
Religious, political and economic rivalries were intensifying among major powers of Europe
This conflict and competition was spreading to Asia
Which was the maritime nations that had a rivalry on Asia
Spain, portugal and netherlands
Who accompanied the europeans
Christians Missionaries who ventured to India, China and southeast asia
What happened to melaka sultanate as european influence was growing
Melaka Sultanate was weakened and divided by power struggles n internal rivalries
What did the sultan of Melaka sultanate do (2 things)
He fled with a group of loyal officials and orang lauts. Established a new kingdom along johor river known as Johor sultanate
What was the title of the official based in SG
Shahbandar
What does the presence of a shahbandar indicate and what is shahbandar’s duty
SG could have been an important trading centre for the johor sultanate as his duty was to oversee foreign trading communities and issue trading licenses to foreign traders
How was SG useful to Johor sultanate
It was a gateway for a system of trade that passed from china thru SG and down to Johor River
When n why did SG decline in importance again (7 reasons)
- mid 17th century
- political changes
- dutch established a main base at Batavia (Jakarta)
- Became dominant Europe power after capturing Melaka from portugese
- by 18 century, maritime traffic was bypassing SG
- political crisis, assassination of childless Sultan Mahmud Shah ll
- capital of johor sultanate moved to riau
When did dutch establish a main base in batavia
1619
When did dutch capture Melaka from portugese
1641
When was Sultan Mahmud assassinated
1699
