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marine science > seawater > Flashcards

seawater Flashcards

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1
Q

What bond is between two hydrogen and one oxygen atom?

A

covalent bonds

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2
Q

covalent bonds

A

bond between two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms in water molecule

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3
Q

What polarization is water?

A

dipolar

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4
Q

What kind of molecule is water?

A

polar molecule

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5
Q

attraction of positive and negative ends of water molecules to each other or other ions

A

hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

hydrogen bonds are (greater/weaker) than covalent bonds

A

weaker

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7
Q

What gives water its unique properties?

A

hydrogen bons

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8
Q

What does hydrogen bonding result in?

A
  • high water surface tension because of cohesion
  • capillary action because of adhesion
  • excellent solvent
  • unusual thermal properties of water
  • unusual density of water
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9
Q

cohesion results in…

A

high water surface tension

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10
Q

adhesion results in…

A

capillary action

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11
Q

water is an excellent solvent because…

A

polar substances will dissolve other polar substances and ionic substances

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12
Q

calorie

A

amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

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13
Q

amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C

A

calorie

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14
Q

temperature

A

a measurement of average kinetic energy

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15
Q

a measurement of average kinetic energy

A

temperature

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16
Q

freezing point

A

0°C (32°F)

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17
Q

melting point

A

0°C (32°F)

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18
Q

boiling point

A

100°C (212°F)

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19
Q

condensation point

A

100°C (212°F)

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20
Q

heat capacity

A

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of any substance by 1°C

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21
Q

amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of any substance by 1°C

A

heat capacity

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22
Q

water has a __ heat capacity

A

high

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23
Q

high heat capacity causes…

A

can take in or lose much heat without changing temperature

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24
Q

high heat capacity is caused by…

A

hydrogen bonds

25
Q

specific heat

A

heat capacity per unit mass

26
Q

heat capacity per unit mass

A

specific heat

27
Q

equatorial oceans (do/do not) boil

A

do not

28
Q

play oceans (do/do not) freeze solid

A

do not

29
Q

marine effect

A

oceans moderate temperature changes from day to night and during different seasons

30
Q

oceans moderate temperature changes from day to night and during different seasons

A

marine effect

31
Q

continental effect

A

land areas have greater range of temperatures from day to night and during different seasons

32
Q

land areas have greater range of temperatures from day to night and during different seasons

A

continental effect

33
Q

density of water (increases/decreases) as temperature (increases/decreases)

A

increases, decreases

34
Q

Is ice less or more dense than water?

A

less

35
Q

Does most seawater freeze?

A

no

36
Q

What is the salinity of the ocean?

A

33-38%

37
Q

high latitude salinity

A
  • low salinity
  • abundant sea ice melting, precipitation, and runoff
38
Q

low latitudes near equator salinity

A
  • low salinity
  • high precipitation and runoff
39
Q

mid latitudes salinity

A
  • high salinity
  • warm, dry, descending air increases evaporation
40
Q

density (increases/decreases) with decreasing temperature

A

increase

41
Q

density (increases/decreases) with increasing salinity

A

increases

42
Q

density (increases/decreases) with increasing pressure

A

increases

43
Q

salinity (increases/decreases) with depth at low latitudes

A

decreases

44
Q

salinity (increases/decreases) with depth at high latitudes

A

increases

45
Q

halocline

A

separates ocean layers of different salinity

46
Q

separates ocean layers of different salinity

A

halocline

47
Q

pycnocline

A

abrupt change of density with depth

48
Q

abrupt change of density with depth

A

pycnocline

49
Q

thermocline

A

abrupt change of temperature with depth

50
Q

abrupt change of temperature with depth

A

thermocline

51
Q

above thermocline

A

mixed surface layer

52
Q

thermocline and pycnocline

A

upper water

53
Q

below thermocline to ocean floor

A

deep water

54
Q

destillation

A
  • most common process
  • water boiled and condensed
  • solar distillation in arid climates
55
Q

electrolysis

A
  • electrode-containing freshwater
  • membrane between fresh and salt water tanks
56
Q

reverse osmosis

A

salt water forced through membrane into fresh water

57
Q

freeze separation

A

water frozen and thawed multiple times

58
Q
A

marine science (2 decks)

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