Season 4 - Week 8 Flashcards
Which alliance of towns and guilds came to dominate trade in Northern Europe, especially in the Baltic and North Sea regions, during the late Middle Ages by establishing a series of foreign trading posts called kontors?
Hanseatic League or Hansa or Hanse or Hanze
Jallikattu is an event that traditionally forms part of Mattu Pongal Day celebrations in Tamil Nadu each January. Practised for over 2,000 years, this controversial event sees unarmed participants attempt to subdue which animal? In Hinduism, this male animal is considered sacred and Shiva’s mount is one of these animals called Nandi.
bull (accept steer; prompt on cattle or ox; do not accept cow)
Which Greek philosopher was condemned to death by an Athenian court for impiety and corruption of the young? This man carried out his sentence in 399 BCE by drinking poison hemlock.
Socrates
Which influential Spanish anarchist co-founded the paramilitary groups Los Justicieros and Los Solidarios in the early 1920s, fled to Latin America after Primo de Rivera took power, returned to Spain to resist the Nationalists, before finally being killed aged 40 in the battle for Madrid in November 1936?
(José) Buenaventura Durruti Dumange
Also known as the ‘n + l rule’ [EN PLUS ELL rule], Madelung’s rule* dictates the order in which what entities are filled and describes how ones with lower n + l values have lower energy?
subshells or orbitals (prompt on shells)
In the Middle Ages, the world’s population was commonly divided by scholars into three large-scale groupings, each named after a son of Noah and corresponding to the three known continents; the Semitic peoples of Asia, named after Shem; the Hamitic peoples of Africa, named after Ham; and the people of Europe named after which son of Noah?
Japheth or Japhetites or Yép̄eṯ or Iapetus or Iapheth
In some West African musical traditions, women would play the shekere [sheh-keray], an instrument made from a gourd, whereas men would play drums, such as which versatile goblet drum with a name meaning “come together in peace”? This drum gained wider popularity following European tours of Les Ballets Africains in the 1950s, and that company later became one of the first to use women playing this instrument.
djembe or jembe
Polynesian outliers are islands that lie outside of the geographical Polynesian Triangle but which are home to Polynesian societies. One such outlier is the Takuu atoll, home to several hundred people of Polynesian origin whose ancestors have lived on the atoll’s 13 coral islands for around 1,000 years. The atoll lies in Melanesia within which country’s Autonomous Region of Bougainville?
Papua New Guinea or PNG
Set in a Tashkent hospital in the year following Stalin’s death, Rakovy korpus (Cancer Ward) is a semi-autobiographical novel completed in 1966 by which Russian novelist and dissident who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970?
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
One of the earliest social realist art movements in the United States was which school led by Robert Henri? This movement’s paintings depicted everyday life in New York at the turn of the 20th century.
Ashcan school
Which comet was first observed by Pierre Méchain in 1786 but was named after the German astronomer who recognised it as a periodic comet and calculated its orbit in 1819? This comet, along with Biela’s comet, was important in the study of the now disproven theory of luminiferous ether.
Encke’s comet (2P/Encke, Johan Franz Encke)
Opening with the famous line, “I am an American, Chicago born…”, which 1953 novel tracks the parentless and penniless protagonist named in the title, through pre- and post-Depression Chicago? Its loose, episodic structure is typical of picaresque novels.
The Adventures of Augie March (prompt on a partial title)
Which African country is the world’s only nation to have French, Spanish, and Portuguese as official national languages? In 2014, this country became the most recent member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries shortly after Portuguese was awarded official status.
Equatorial Guinea
An early expression of individual anarchism appeared with the work Der Einzige und sein Eigentum (The Ego and Its Own) in 1844. This was written by the post-Hegelian philosopher Johann Kaspar Schmidt using which pen-name?
Max Stirner
Among the most densely populated places on Earth, the tiny Polynesian outlier of Anuta was populated by seafarers from Tonga and ‘Uvea, probably between the 10th and 13th centuries CE. The island is one of seven Polynesian outliers belonging to which Melanesian nation? Many Anutans have migrated to urban centres on this nation’s largest island, Guadalcanal.
Solomon Islands
Zhūgé Liàng was a Chinese military strategist and inventor active during which period of history that lasted from 220 CE to 280 CE? This period, which came about following the collapse of the Han dynasty, saw China divided into the states of Cáo Wèi, Shǔ Hàn and Sūn Wú (Eastern Wu) and was recounted in the classical novel named the Yǎnyì (Romance) of this period
Three Kingdoms or Sānguó
Known as the ‘Queen of the Hansa’, which city on Germany’s Baltic Sea coast, today within Schleswig-Holstein, served as the de facto capital of the Hanseatic League?
Lübeck
In November 2014, the European Space Agency’s Rosetta space mission landed the Philae lander on the nucleus of a comet for the first time, enabling detailed analysis of its composition. That comet is named after the two Soviet astronomers who discovered it in 1969. Name the comet or either of the two astronomers.
67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko or Klim Churyumov or Svetlana Gerasimenko
Which common sedimentary rock is composed of tiny grains of silica, finer than gravel, and can metamorphosize into quartzite? This typically yellow or reddish-brown rock can form by the lithification of dunes.
sandstone
One of Mexico’s best-known muralists, which social realist painter’s works include the world’s largest mural work, La marcha de la humanidad (The March of Humanity), which took 14 years to complete? Another of this man’s best-known works Retrato de la burguesía (Portrait of the Bourgeoisie) was left unfinished when this man was imprisoned for attempting to assassinate Leon Trotsky.
David Alfaro Siqueiros (prompt on Alfaro)
A ritual practice called bull-leaping, in which a participant somersaults over a bull, is found extensively in the art of which civilisation that flourished on Crete from around 3,500 BCE to around 1,100 BCE?
Minoan
Socrates was the tutor of which Athenian philosopher who founded the Akadimía (Academy) in around 387 BCE? This man’s best-known work Politeia (Republic) contains his famous ‘Allegory of the Cave’.
Plato or Platon
What German word, literally meaning ‘building up’, is used to describe the principle that electrons are atomically configured such that they fill lower energy orbitals before higher energy ones?
Aufbau
Heth, the son of Canaan and great-grandson of Noah gave his name to which Biblical civilisation living in or near Canaan at the time of Abraham? The same name was used by an ancient group of Indo-Europeans who moved into Asia Minor and formed an empire at Hattusa in Anatolia around 1600 BCE.
Hittites
Among the earliest schools of social realism was Peredvizhniki, which depicted the way of life of labourers and farm workers, often emphasising social injustice. The school’s best-known painting is perhaps the 1873 work Burlaki (Barge Haulers on the Volga) by which artist whose other major works include Zaporozhtsy pishut pis’mo turetskomu sultanu (Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks)?
Ilya Repin
Zhūgé Liàng’s early career was in the service of Liú Biǎo. Liú Biǎo had been appointed the governor of Jīngzhōu during which popular uprising against the Han dynasty? The uprising is named after an item of clothing worn by the Taoist followers of Zhāng Jiǎo.
Yellow Turban Rebellion, Yellow Scarves Rebellion, Yellow Turban Conflict, Huángjīn zhī luàn, Huángjīn qǐyì, huángjīn mín biàn
The akonting, a lute used by the Jola people of West Africa is believed by many to be the ancestor of which musical instrument? Both this instrument and the akonting have a string that extends only part way along the neck, and the oldest way of playing this instrument, clawhammer, is similar to the technique used to play the akonting.
five-string banjo
Solzhenitsyn’s debut novel, published in 1962 with Khrushchev’s blessing, was set in a Soviet labour camp and told the story of a ‘day in the life’ of which title character?
Ivan Denisovich (prompt on a partial answer)
