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Coastguard > Search Planning > Flashcards

Search Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Search planning is…

A

… the process where information is gathered and environmental considerations are used and evaluated to calculate where objects or persons, whose whereabouts are unknown, may be.

Includes how using relevant search assets, the probable area can be covered effectively using equipment and resources available.

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2
Q

CG Statement of Responsibility

A

Her Majesty’s Coastguard is responsible for the initiation and co-ordination of civil maritime search and rescue within the United Kingdom search and rescue region. This includes the mobilisation, organisation and tasking of adequate resources to respond to persons either in distress at sea, or to persons at risk of injury or death on the cliffs or shoreline of the United Kingdom.

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3
Q

Land search is an emergency because…

A

Missing person may only be responsive for a short period or require protection.
Better clues
Urgent response decreases search area and difficulty.
Urgent response allows more efficient search.

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4
Q

Information gathering process

A

Validation (is it reliable?)
Analysis (timeline)
Assessment (prioritise to develop FF)

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5
Q

Four types of clues

A

Physical
Recorded
People
Event (including triggers)

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6
Q

Two information gathering form types

A

Lost person details form

Search Urgency Assessment

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7
Q

Parts of the reflex model

A 
Axel
Hub
Rim
Spokes
Reflectors
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8
Q

The axel is..

A

Last known point

IPP

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9
Q

The hub is…

A

Approx 300-500m initial search area.

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10
Q

The rim is…

A

The max probable distance the misper travelled.

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11
Q

The spokes are…

A

Likely travel routes

Path of least resistance

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12
Q

Reflectors are…

A

Points of interest or hazards

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13
Q

Three levels of search

A

Hasty
Efficient
Thorough

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14
Q

Casualty search info (6)

A 
Last known position
Course & Speed
DSP
Object
Intentions
LSA
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15
Q

SRU search info (4)

A

Equipment
O/S arrival time
O/S endurance
Hazards

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16
Q

Environmental search info (6)

A 
Wind
Tide
SR/SS
Twilight
Sea state
Visibility
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17
Q

Leeway is…

A

downwind drift, proportionate to force and dependent on the objects profile.

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18
Q

Two types of datum search pattern

A

Expanding square

Sector

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19
Q

Characteristics of expanding square

A

Surface vessels impacted by drift

Stopwatch and compass used

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20
Q

Sector search…

A

Requires a datum object

High coverage in small area

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21
Q

Seven types of area search pattern

A 
Parallel track
Creeping line
Track line
Estuary
Barrier
Shoreline
Multiunit parallel
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22
Q

Parallel track is…

A

ground based
able to be added directly to RNLI plotters
longest leg parallel with longest side

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23
Q

Creeping line is…

A

longest leg parallel with shortest side

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24
Q

Track line search is…

A

best for quicker assets
tedious
common in a track line return

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25
Q

Shoreline search is…

A

a modified parallel track using the contours of the shore. Radar can be used to maintain distance.

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26
Q

Sweep width definition

A

Uncorrected sweep width x correction factors

27
Q

Coverage factor definition

A

Corrected sweep width / track spacing

28
Q

POD definition

A

likelihood that an SRU will see the object given the…

29
Q

Correction factors for sweep width

A 
Object size
Detection aids
Sea state
Wind speed
Aircraft altitude & speed
Fatigue
30
Q

AVNST

A 
Area
Velocity
Number
Spacing
Time (beware datum time)
31
Q

TAPSIC

A 
Target
Area
Pattern
Search details
Information
Communication
32
Q

T

A

Target - type, description, detection aids

33
Q

A

A

Area - circular, corner or boundary method or trackline search

34
Q

P

A

Pattern - expanding square etc

35
Q

S

A

Search details - CSP, leg length etc

36
Q

I

A

Information - Weather, OSC, other SRUs

37
Q

C

A

Communications - channels, safety checks

38
Q

Divergence is…

A

caused by the wind in relation to exposed and underwater surfaces of the object, causing it to diverge from the downwind track. The angle either side of a mean drift that objects fall between. Dmin & Dmax

39
Q

Search Area Evaluation…

A

… describes the area to be searched. Used within IAMSAR. It is the process of generating the search area.

40
Q

SAE for datum area - no divergence

A 
Plot DSP
Plot tidal vector
Plot leeway
= Datum point
Plot error radius
Box off and label
41
Q

SAE for datum area with divergence

A

Same to datum point
Plot divergence from the end of TIDAL VECTOR
Plot error radii
Box off and label

42
Q

Rapid response model

A

used for short elapsed time and/or when environmental factors are minimal - commonly up to one hour

43
Q

Other methods of search

A 
Datum line
Back track
Flare
RRS
EISEC data
44
Q

Types of error

A

Fix accuracy
DR error
Environmental - 30% of drift vector

45
Q

Relationship between DET and DR error

A

DET up

DR error down

46
Q

Datum line key points

A 
Based on previous track of vessel or MOB
Plot DSPs along line
DSTs will be different
DET up = DR error down
Create datum area for each DSP
47
Q

Back track key points

A 
Calculates search area from found object
Model drift of object back to 3 locations using reverse leeway and divergence
Apply errors
Apply leeway and divergence forward
Use best possible estimate for DST
48
Q

Flare model key points

A

Plot FIF location and line to max detection range
DSP along the line. DST THE SAME FOR ALL.
Apply leeway and divergence
Apply errors

49
Q

RRS key points

A

Height of aerial known
Height of vessel aerial assumed
Nominal range = 2.21 x sq rt antenna height (m)
Add the two ranges to get transmission range
DSPs along edges of overlapping area

50
Q

EISEC sector

A

via Tactical Commander & SPOC

DSPs along edges of 120 deg sector

51
Q

EISEC centroid azimuth

A

DSP at centroid centre, plot tide, leeway and divergence. Radius of centroid is the error.

52
Q

SAD stages

A 
Preliminary evaluation
Choose model type
DST, DSP and errors
Search duration
Datum time
DET
Estimate drift and errors
Establish probable locations and define area
53
Q

DST

A

Drift start time. The time when the casualty is known, or estimated, to have first started to drift.

54
Q

DSP

A

Drift start position. The position the casualty is known, or estimated, to have first started to drift. May be the LKP or a position from DR from a previous fix.

55
Q

IPe

A

Initial position error. Includes navigational fix error and DR error.

56
Q

FIXe

A

Navigational fix error. Accuracy of the last known fixed position. See navigational fix error tables in SAD tables.

57
Q

DRe

A

DR error. See DR error tables in SAD tables.

58
Q

Search duration

A 
How long the search is going to take. Consider:
Fatigue
Number of searchers
Survival times
Time of day
On-scene endurance
59
Q

Datum position

A

The most probable location of the casualty at any given time. May be a single point, a set of points, a line, arc or area.

60
Q

Datum time

A

The time for which the search area is valid. For RR will be the time of arrival at datum position of the SRU.

61
Q

DET

A

Drift elapsed time. The period of time over which the target is drifting - from DST to datum time.

62
Q

Resultant drift vector

A

DSP to datum. Resultant vector of the tidal vector and leeway vector.

63
Q

De

A

Drift error. Uncertainty in leeway and tide. 30% of the total drift distance.

64
Q

Total error radius

A

IPe + De

Coastguard (6 decks)

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