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2022 S/SGT CPK > Search and Surveillance > Flashcards

Search and Surveillance Flashcards

1
Q

Define Evidential Material (2)

A

1; Evidence of an offence

2: Anything relevant to the investigation

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2
Q

Describe “Reasonable Grounds to Believe” (RGBT)

A

“A sound basis for believing the situation actually exists”

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3
Q

Describe “Reasonable Grounds to Suspect”

A

“Likely to exist” A sound basis for suspecting

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4
Q

What is a tracking device?

A

A device used to ascertain the location of a thing or whether the thing has been opened (dealt with).
Does not include a vehicle or other means of transport..

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5
Q

What is an interception device?

A

An (electrical electromagnetic mechanical) device used to intercept or record a private communication. Does not include hearing aid to correct subnormal hearing

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6
Q

What is a visual surveillance device?

A

Device used or capable of being used observe or observe and record a private activity.
Doesn’t include specs, contact lenses used to correct subnormal sight

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the S&S Act 2012?

A

To facilitate the monitoring of compliance by

1: Modernising the law of search
2: Rules recognising importance of rights
3: Investigative Tools (effective and adequate)

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8
Q

Which power should be used for searching a detained person?

A

Rubdown search S85 - 87 (rub down search , arrested or detained to take items to prevent harm to anyone or assist escape)
A warrantless search S88 (Arrested/detained, W/out W, RGTB possession of items to harm anyone, facilitate escape or evidence of offence detained for

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9
Q

Who should conduct a S11 search when a person is locked up?

A

Watchouse/custodial staff

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10
Q

What is the primary purpose of a S11 search? (2)

A

1: Protect detained persons property
2: Remove items of self harm

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11
Q

When should a S11 search be conducted?

A

Prior to person being placed in a cell

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12
Q

A. What does “Locked up” mean?

B. What does it also mean relating to vehicles?

A

A. A person taken into lawful custody and placed behind a locked door.
B. a vehicle being used for police purposes BUT not being placed in a Police vehicle for immediate purposes of transport

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13
Q

When can a person be searched S11 after they have been locked up?

A

If not previously searched
Since being searched, in close proximity with someone
(a) who has not been searched
(b) another person eligible to be searched or
(c) RGTB person in possession of weapon ( to escape or harm)

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14
Q

Why should you avoid a S11 search subsequent to arrest

A

Because you can only use this section once prior to being locked up

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15
Q

When is a search warrant required for search?

A

In all cases unless impractical

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16
Q

What does a warrant authorise

A 
Entry
Search 
Place; vehicle or thing
Seize Evidence
Offence punishable by prison
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17
Q

Who can apply for a SW?

A

Constable

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18
Q

What are the grounds for applying?

A

1: RGTS offence carrying imprisonment
2: RGTB a search will recover evidence

19
Q

Who can approve you to apply?

A

Sergeant or above (where practicable)

20
Q

How do you apply for a search warrant? (2)

A

1: In writing via online S&S system
2: Appearance in person before issuing officer.

21
Q

Can you make an oral application?

A

Yes, if impractical to do so in writing

22
Q

Under what circumstances can you make an oral application? (3)

A

1: If written application causes delay compromising effectiveness
2: If issuing officer is satisfied application can be determined orally
3: All the information is supplied

23
Q

What are your requirements post making an oral application?

A

Enter application and outcome online via S&S system.

24
Q

When can an application be made without an appearance before an issuing officer?

A

If the warrant can be issued on the basis of the written application alone (no clarification or Q’s required).

25
Q

What is the first step in applying for a SW?

A

Seek approval from Sgt level or above

26
Q

State four steps in the process of search warrant application prior to completing the application itself.

A

Seek approval
Set up NIA file/case
Assess risks (PARA Card Planned Action Risk Assessment)
Assess community impact

27
Q

Explain “deconfliction”

A

Process in S&S online system that emails other investigators with the same target address in current applications.

28
Q

What must you do if you receive a deconfliction email?

A

Act to resolve

29
Q

Under which enactments are warrant applications not recorded in S&S system?

A 
Asset Recovery (Criminal Proceeding Act 2009)
Films, video classification 2007
Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters 1992.
30
Q

Before you print and sign your application what must you do?

A

Seek online approval from Sgt or higher

31
Q

What is the definition of “informant”?

A

Person who provides verbal or written information to law enforcement officer.

32
Q

What is the difference between informant and witness?

A

Informant gives information with expectation their details will be protected

33
Q

On what grounds may the issuing officer require disclosure of informant details?

A

1: To assess credibility of informant
2: Whether there is proper basis for issuing warrant

34
Q

What must the issuing officer not ask for?

A

Name and address of informant

35
Q

S 117. You are about to conduct a search warrant but the application is not yet approved. You become aware the target is about to remove the evidence you seek. What are your powers?

A

Enter
Secure place, vehicle, thing
Direct any person to assist.
Must believe evidential material may be destroyed, concealed, altered damaged or removed before issuing officers decision to grant or refuse

36
Q

What are the conditions of exercising the pre warrant entry power?

A

Six hour expiry or
Warrant becomes available or
Application is declined

37
Q

What is the scope/limitation of the S&S Act 2012?

A

It is limited to regulating activities undertaken by use of devices.

38
Q

What legal considerations exist pursuant to the S&S act regarding surveillance without a device? (3)

A

1: Surveillance without a device cannot be authorised by a warrant
2: Surveillance will be unlawful if it involves a trespass
3: Surveillance will be lawful and can be undertaken if:
(a) it is reasonable S21 BoR Act
(b) does not involve a trespass

Nothing to preclude getting search warrant in order to trespass on a place for surveillance ‘without a device’

39
Q

What devices are regulated under the Act?

A

Tracking
Interception (Listening)
Visual surveillance

40
Q

Can you apply for a warrant to use more than one type of device?

A

Yes, application is the same and brings together all types of device.

41
Q

What are the focus points of the Act?

A

Use of technology in investigating offences
To monitor compliance
Consistent with Human Rights values

42
Q

Does flying over a place, including a drone/model aircraft constitute a trespass

A

No.

43
Q

What are the consequences of conducting surveillance with a device and without warrant where you had the opportunity to obtain a warrant?

A

Evidential material material found may be found inadmissible.

2022 S/SGT CPK (19 decks)

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