Seamanship Flashcards
State 5 regular entries in a nav log whilst on a coastal page
Position with time compass course to steer Gyro course to steer Speed Variation Deviation Log readings Wind direction & speed Sea state Engine revs Visibility
State ten distress signals
Gun or explosive signal Continuous signaling Radiotelegraphy sos/mayday Flames on a vessel Rocket/hand parachute flares Orange smoke signal Arm outstretched - lowering and raising EPRIB Signal SART Signal DSC Alert Orange canvas with black square/circle - air Dye marker
Regarding COSWOP - State 5 considerations to be taken when -
Towing
Responsible person in charge Agreed plan Communication system between PPE Snap back zones Check all equipment Only essential personnel
List the preparations to be made on the fore deck when anchoring
Capstan windless out of gear Plug in joystick Warm through Guillotine/devils claw/ lashing clear Essential persons only in area Communication set up Prepare anchor buoy Check over side to see all is clear If necessary engage gear and walk out Repeat all communication with bridge Stand clear Anchor buoy/light
Explain the preparations for heavy weather at sea concerning:
Water tight integrity
Water tight doors closed Hull openings closed Deadlights Hawse and spurring covers closed Ventilation pipes covered/sealed/closed All non-essential sea values closed Storm boards rigged
Explain the preparations for heavy weather at sea concerning:
Vessel safety
Scuppers clear reduce FSE
Freeing ports clear increase GM
Items lashed down
Bilge pumps and alarms tested
Explain the preparations for heavy weather at sea concerning:
Crew safety
Restrict access to decks Rig lifelines Safety harnesses available Check life raft/ abandonment equipment Rest crew Warn galley Prepare easy food/meals
State the arrangements and precautions to be taken by the officer on (deck/bridge) when embarking a pilot
Communications with bridge
Hand steering
Standing on the wing the which the pilot is boarding.
Maintaining watch duties/post lookout to help
Adequate lighting/ not pointing towards P Boat.
Buoy with self igniting light with line to hand.
Secure steps provided for rail/bulwark.
Ladder 9 meters or less connected to a fixed companionway
Ring with light (NO LINE)
Line with bag/bucket
Clear of discharges
Steps evenly spread 31-35 height bottom 4 are rubber
Min 40cm between ropes
Spreader min 180cm
State the responsibilities of the officer of the arch during a compulsory pilotage
Monitor the pilot
Ensure correct execution of passage plan
Call master if in doubt as to actions of pilot provided back up to the pilot eg: helm, lookouts, engine orders, radar, comes
inform pilot if in doubt of his actions
With reference to COSWOP explain precautions:
When operating a deck winch
Operated by a competent person
One person on capstan, second backing up
Slack to be coiled down
Avoid bights
With reference to COSWOP explain the precautions
On the foredeck for reviving a tow
Toolbox talk Non essential staff to keep clear Care of bights Snap back zones communications PPE
Explain the procedure for securing to a mooring buoy
SOP PPE Communications When using yachts tenders - personnel with life jackets Recovery people for people in water Slip knot made fast with eye on bitts Lines flaked out and ready to run Responsible person in charge Check machinery before maneuver If using shackle to buoy ensure well seized
State the dangers of allowing excessive loads on morning ropes
Heavy chaffing Burning on capstan or drum ends Whip lash area if line parts Operators fingers Degrades mooring line
Explain the precautions to be taken before letting go the anchor
Capstan windlass out of gear Warm through Devils claw/guillotine/lashing clear Essential persons only in area Communication set up Prepare anchor buoy if required Check over side all is clear Repeat all communications with bridge Anchor ball/light
List six reasons for the officer of the watch to call the master to the bridge
The OOW should notify the master immediately:
- If restricted visibility is encounter or expected
- If traffic conditions or the movements of other ships are causing concern
- If difficulties are experienced in maintaining course
- On breakdown of the engines, propulsion machinery remote control, steering gear or any essential equipment malfunctions
- if the radio equipment malfunctions
- in heavy weather, if in doubt about the possibility of weather damage
- If the yacht meets any hazard to navigation, such as ice or a derelict in any other emergency or if in any doubt
Describe the arrangements on deck for clearing sea water
Freeing ports Scuppers Deck drains Open rails Breakwaters Camber
Explain the reason for fitting non-return valves on tank vent pipes
Tank vent pipes are fitted to allow the tanks to vent to deck allowing the tank to breath as the ullage space in the varies. Non-return valves are fitted to prevent ingress of water into the tank from the vent outlet
List the preparations on the fore deck for:
Securing a yacht to a pontoon
Good communications
Sufficient personal
Responsible person in charge
PPE
Heaving lines with monkey fist (no weight)
Anti slip deck areas
Well lit if during night hours
Area clear of clutter
Inspect and test machinery
Winch/capstan operator should be competent/trained
Stoppers of correct type. +inspected
Wire and ropes need separate fair leads/bollards
stand clear when ropes/wires are under tension
Don’t stand in bights
Snap back zones
Describe how to maintain synthetic mooring rope
Coil and flaked
Away from direct heat/sunshine
Off the deck clear of chipping and debris etc
Mooring rope should be regularly inspected for damage
Damaged rope should be cut out and spliced
Avoid excessive loading
Avoid excessive stretch
Wash in clean fresh water. Mild soap may be used (check MSDS)
Avoid crushing or sagging
Avoid high friction situations that can cause overheating
For best advice refer to data sheet provided by manufacturer
You are the officer in charge of the anchor party. Describe how you would prepare both anchors for letting go
Good communications with bridge
Ensure that the anchor party is ready on the forecastle in ample time prior to letting go the anchors
PPE!
Check machinery
Check brakes
Ease back on the anchor securing wires, remove wires and stow clear of the hawse pipe
Remove hawse pipe cover and stow clear
Check spurring pipes and ensure that they are clear of any sealing arrangements such as cement
Open chain locker and ensure cables are free to run inside the lock
With both anchors out of gear, run the windless to check that it is running properly
Put one anchor in gear, release the break and pay out the anchor until clear of the hawse pipe - Tighten brake firmly and take out of gear
Run windless to check its out of gear
Ensure anchor ball is ready to hoist, test anchor light
Report to bridge that both anchors are ready for letting go from brake
State four advantages of synthetic cordage
Cheaper than natural fiber ropes
Lighter to handle than equivalent natural fibre cordage
Stronger than equivalent Nat fibre
Relatively resistant to chemical attack by acids, alkalis and oils
High durability
Low water absorption
Resistant to rot
State two advantages of natural fibre cordage
Minimum of stretch compared to synthetic cordage
Does not degrade in sunlight compared to synthetic cordage
More resistant to heat friction damage than synthetic fibre ropes
Some types of natural fibre cordage float
State the relationship between breaking stress and safe working load
Breaking stress is the load at which a rope or fitting will fail
Safe working load is the maximum certified load that can be safely applied to a rope or fitting
State the care maintenance of crane wires ad used onboard a yacht
New coils should be opened correctly using a turntable
Regularly treated with suitable lubricant to prevent corrosion
Externally inspected regularly for abrasion, corrosion, broken, wires, diameter reduction, crushing and high stranding.
Internally inspected regularly to examine the core and under side of strands
Inspect critical attachments points such as end fittings
With reference to STCW’95 ‘Fitness for duty’ requirements, state:
The minimum rest period for an officer in charge of watch
10 hours in any 24 hour period
With reference to STCW’95 ‘Fitness for duty’ requirements, state:
How the minimum rest period for an officer in charge of watch may be divided
No more than two periods, one of which shall be at least 6 hours
With reference to STCW’95 ‘Fitness for duty’ requirements, state:
The conditions under which the minimum rest period is not required
In case of emergency drill or other overriding operational conditions
With reference to STCW’95 ‘Fitness for duty’ requirements, state:
The conditions under which the rest period may be reduced
May be reduced to NOT less than 6 hours providing the reduction shall not extend beyond 2 days and not less than 70 hours of rest in each 7 days period
List five precautions to be taken on deck prior to taking on fuel whilst berthed alongside
Vessel securely moored
Communications est between ship and shore
Deck scuppers plugged
Drip trays placed underneath all hose couplings and connections
Oil spill equipment in place and ready for use
Bunker hoses and connections inspected
Tank vents checked open and flame screens in good condition
Bravo flag hoisted or red light at night
“No smoking” signs displayed at gangway and adjacent all outside doors and accommodation
All crew and guests/ passengers informed bunking is taking place
List 5 actions to be taken by the officer in charge of nav watch when encountering restricted visibility
Inform master
Commence sounding proper fog signals
Inform engine room and have engine ready for immediate manoeuvre
Review speed of vessel in changed conditions and if necessary change to new safe speed
Post a proper lookout/lookouts
Exhibit navigation lights
Operate and use radar, commencing plotting of all targets, starting with nearest and those posing greater risk
Helmsman to bridge in addition to lookouts
Review bridge manning
Fix vessels position
If possible determine state of visibility from other vessels/land/lights
Breaking strain
The term breaking strain is the load or weight applied to material when testing to destruction
(In general marine work for both fibre and wire rope it has 6 times more strength then the SWL)
Under MARPOL annex v garbage provisions, what are the restrictions to disposal both inside and outside special areas of the following?
OUTSIDE - discharge permitted more than 12 miles from the nearest land
En route and as far from land as practicable
INSIDE - DISCHARGE PROHIBITED
Under MARPOL Annex 5 garbage provisions, what are the restrictions to disposal both inside and outside special areas of the following :
Food waste comminuted or ground
OUTSIDE: discharge PERMITTED more than 3 miles from nearest land
En route and as far as practicable from land
INSIDE: discharge PERMITTED more and 12miles from nearest land, en route and as far as possible from land
Define a PSSA and list at least 4
Particularly sensitive sea area
Great Barrier Reef The Wadden Sea Western European Sea Canary Island The Baltic Sea The Galapagos Archipelago The Jomard Entrance PNG
List at least 4 “Special Areas” (Not PSSA’S)
Mediterranean Sea Baltic Sea Black Sea Red Sea Gulf area Gulf of Aden Antarctic area NW European Waters Omen area of the Arabian Sea Southern South African Waters
List documents required to be carried under MARPOL ANNEX 1
Survey
International oil pollution prevention certificate
Oil record book
Operational manuals
SOPEP
List 3 certificates that may be issued under MARPOL
IOPPC Oil Pollution prevention
IAPPC Air pollution prevention
ISPPC Sewage pollution prevention
What entries must be made in the Oil Record Book
Ballasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks
Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil residue)
Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil
What are the rules regarding discharge of machinery space bilges in to the sea both inside and outside of special areas
The ship is proceeding en route
The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment meeting the requirements of regulations 14 of this annex
Does not exceed 15 PPM without dilution
Does not originate from cargo pump-room bilges on oil tankers
The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers is not mixed with oil cargo residues
When may sewage not commented or disinfected be discharge
At least 12 miles from nearest land
What are the requirements for discharge of sewage that has been stored in holding tanks
Sewage that has been stored in holding tanks shall be discharged at a moderate rate when the ship is in route and proceeding at not less than 4 knots
What entries must be made in the oil record book
Blasting or cleaning of oil fuel tanks
Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from oil fuel tanks
Collection and disposal of oil residues (sludge and other oil residues)
Discharge overboard or disposal otherwise of bilge water which has accumulated in machinery spaces
Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil
What is IACS?
International association of classification societies
MARPOL applies to what vessels?
> 400GT
SOLAS applies to what vessels?
> 500GT
List MARPOL Documents need for Annex 6
IAPPC- Int Air pollution prevention cert
ODS - Ozone depleting substances record book
List MARPOL Documents need for Annex 5
Garbage record book
Garbage management plan
Define an ECA
Emission control areas
The global sulphuric cap will be reduced from current 3.50% to 0.50%
From January 1st 2020.
