Screening the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

endocrine system screening checklist

A

 General health (fatigue, unexplained weight change, weakness)
 Psychologic, cognitive (personality changes, memory loss, irritability)
 Gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, dysphagia, diarrhea, constipation)
 Urogenital (impotence, intermittent urine stream, straining to void)
 Musculoskeletal (muscle weakness, cramps, arthralgias, stiffness, bone pain)
 Sensory (paresthesia, numbness)
 Dermatologic (foot ulcerations, edema, dry skin, impaired wound healing)
 Miscellaneous (temperature intolerance, visual changes, increased bruising,
orthostatic hypotension, increased thirst)

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2
Q

Pituitary Gland: diabetes insipidus

A

lack of secretion of vasopressin (ADH)

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3
Q

Signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus

A
  • polyuria, polydipsia
  • dehydration
  • fatigue
  • irritability
  • increased serum sodium
  • decreased urine specific gravity
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4
Q

Pituitary Gland: Acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of growth hormone, most often due to a tumor in the pituitary gland

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of acromegaly

A
  • bony enlargement
  • amenorrhea
  • diabetes melitus
  • profuse sweating, or diaphoresis
  • hypertension
  • CTS, hand pain, and stiffness
  • back pain (thoraco-lumbar)
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6
Q

Adrenal gland: Addison’s Disease

A

hyposecretion by adrenal glands, due to autoimmune response or tumor, treated with cortisol/hormone replacement

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7
Q

signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease

A
  • dark pigmentation of skin
  • hypotension
  • progressive fatigue
  • hyperkalemia
  • GI disturbance
  • arthralgias, myalgias
  • tendon calcification
  • hypoglycemia
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8
Q

Adrenal gland: cushings disease

A
  • hypersecretion of cortisol by adrenal glands, due to tumor, excessive corticosteroids, or pituitary dysfunction
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9
Q

signs and symptoms of cushings disease

A
  • weight gain
  • fatty deposits, especially in the midsection and face (moon shaped) and between the shoulders and upper back (buffalo hump)
  • thinning skin that bruises easily
  • skin injuries that are slow to heal
  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
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10
Q

Thyroid Gland: hyperthyroidism/Graves disease

A

hyperfunction = too much thyroid hormone

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11
Q

signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism/Graves disease

A

 Elevation in body metabolism
 Three major signs common in adult > 70
Tachycardia, fatigue, weight loss
 Signs common in adults < 50
Tachycardia, hyperactive reflexes, increased sweating,
heat intolerance, fatigue, tremor, nervousness, polydipsia,
weakness, increased appetite, dyspnea, and weight loss
 Other common signs/sxs
Periarthritis (shoulder especially)
Proximal muscle weakness and atrophy
Higher incidence of myasthenia gravis

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12
Q

thyroid gland: hypothyroidism

A

hypofuntion = insufficient thyroid hormone

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism

A
 Generalized depression in body metabolism
 Constipation
 Depression
 Dry hair and hair loss
 Dry skin
 Fatigue
 Greater sensitivity to cold
 Slow heart rate
 Swelling of the thyroid gland (goiter)
 Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight
 Carpal tunnel syndrome
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14
Q

Pancreas: diabetes melitus

A

deficient or defective insulin

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15
Q

long term sequela of DM

A
 State of hyperglycemia
 Disruption in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
 Small vessel disease
 Large vessel vascular complications
 Neuropathies
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16
Q

Sings and symptoms of DM

A
 Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
 Neuropathy, numbness/tingling, feet/hands
 Blurred vision, irritability
 Hand stiffness
 Glycosuria, ketonuria
 Fatigue and weakness
 Slow healing
17
Q

Exercise related complications of DM

A

 Must be planned, executed with caution
 Monitor glucose before, during, and after exercise
Blood glucose > 250 mg/dl – postpone session
Blood glucose < 100 mg/dl - Give 10-15 g carbohydrate snack
 Retinopathy & nephropathy
Avoid high intensity exercise
 Avoid insulin injection to active extremities within 1 hour of exercise