Do not want to miss list Flashcards

1
Q

Full list

A
  • major depression
  • suicide risk
  • femoral head/neck fractures
  • cauda equina syndrome
  • cervical melopathy
  • abdominal aortic aneurysm
  • deep venous thrombosis
  • pulmonary embolism
  • atypical myocardial infarction
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2
Q

Major depression disorder

A
  • patient responds yes to depression screening questions
  • noting 3-4 of following: significant weight loss, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, recurrent thoughts of suicide
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3
Q

Risk factors associated with MDD

A
  • current or previous history of major depressive episodes
  • women, especially during pregnancy or postpartum time
  • significant medical history
    > diabetes
    > myocardial infarction
    > cancer
    > CVA
    > chemical dependency
  • suffering significant loss
  • positive family history
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4
Q

Suicide risk factors

A
  • gender (males = suicide completion; females = suicide attempts)
  • widowed, divorced, living alone
  • history of psychiatric illness
  • previous suicide attempt
  • history of chronic progressive illnesses
  • recent significant loss
  • unemployed
  • sense of hopelessness
  • family history of suicide completion or attempts
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5
Q

Management of suicidal patients

A
  • does the patient have a plan in place
  • are resources related to patient’s plan readily available
    > patient states they own gun
    > patient has filled a
    medication prescription
  • who should be contacted
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6
Q

clinical manifestations of suicide risk

A
  • “i don’t know how much longer I can take this”
  • stopping therapy, with potential for continued progress
  • stopping other forms of treatment
  • patients expressing thoughts of death
  • wishing they were dead
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7
Q

femoral head/neck fractures risk factors

A
  • female
  • hormonal menstrual irregularites
  • involvement in running, jumping, marching activites
  • change in training program or routine: new activity or increased in activity intensity/change in footwear and training surface
  • nutritional deficiencies
  • leg length discrepancy
  • diminished muscle strength
  • loss of general function and mobility
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8
Q

femoral head/ neck fracture clinical manifestations

A
  • pain and local tenderness
  • deformity
  • edema
  • ecchymosis
  • loss of general function and mobility

30% of those suffering a hip fx die within a year

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9
Q

MOI femoral head/ neck fractures

A
  • trauma
  • fall, slip
  • sneeze
  • lifting
  • opening stuck window
  • falling down steps
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10
Q

cauda equina syndrome risk factors

A
  • low back injury, central disk herniation
  • congenital or acquired spinal stenosis
    > degenerative disk or facet joint disease
    > degenerative spondylolisthesis
  • spinal fracture
  • ankylosing spondylitis
  • tuberculosis, Pott’s disease
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11
Q

clincial manifestations of cauda equina

A
  • urinary dysfunction
  • bowel dysfunction
  • sexual dysfunction
  • sensory deficits
    > perineum and saddle regions
    > lower extremities
  • motor deficits
    > lower limbs
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12
Q

cervical myelopathy risk factors

A
  • spondylotic changes in cervical spine
  • age: mid 50s to 60s and older
  • previous history of neck trauma
    > MVA
    > sports injury
  • RA
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13
Q

Clinical manifestations of cervical myelopathy

A

HISTORY

  • impaired hand dexterity
  • gait, balance difficulties
  • numbness, paresthesia- extremities
  • neck stiffness
  • urinary dysfunction

PHYSICAL EXAM

  • hand- intrinsic atrophy
  • muscle weakness, often of triceps; hand intrinsic
  • muscle weakness of lower extremities
  • upper motor neuron signs
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14
Q

AAA risk factors

A
  • age
  • male gender
  • history of smoking
  • hypercholesterol
  • history of CAD
  • family history of AAA
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15
Q

Clinical manifestations of AAA

A
- usually asymptomatic, but may produce pain
> lumbar region, back
> hip and buttock
> groin
>abdominal region
- satiety, weight loss, and nausea
- palpable abdominal mass
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16
Q

AAA vessel dissection

A

LBP description

  • sudden, severe
  • intense, persistent
  • hot, searing
  • ripping or tearing sensation
17
Q

DVT risk factors

A
  • previous history of DVT
  • history of cancer or chemotherapy
  • history of CHF
  • history of SLE
  • major surgery of other trauma
  • immobility
  • hormone changes in women
  • age > 60 yrs
18
Q

DVT clinical manifestations

A
  • ache, tightness, tenderness
  • general to pitting edema
  • prominent superficial venous plexus
  • increased local skin temperature
19
Q

Pulmonary Embolism risk factors

A
  • previous history of PE or DVT
  • immobility
  • history of abdominal, pelvic surgery
  • total hip, knee replacement
  • late stage pregnancy
  • lower limb fractures
  • malignancy in pelvis of abdomen
20
Q

PE clinical manifestations

A
  • dyspnea
  • tachypnea
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • pain with deep respiration, cough
  • persistent cough
  • apprehension, anxiety
  • tachycardia
  • palpitations
21
Q

risk factors for atypical MI

A
  • cigarette smoking
  • high cholesterol levels
  • hypertension
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • sedentary lifestyle
  • excessive alcohol consumption
  • Age (>45 men, >55 women)
  • family history
  • ethnicity (african americans)
22
Q

clinical manifestations of atypical MI

A
  • 50% experience chest pain, with or without left UE pain
  • shortness of breath
  • fatigue
  • sleep disturbance
  • nausea, with or without vomiting
  • palpitations
  • dizziness
  • diaphoresis
  • anxiety