SCREENING & DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

Question 1

Refers to a pregnancy in which the mother, fetus, or both are at a greater risk for complications, health issues / morbidity or mortality

Answer 1

High Risk Pregnancy

Question 2

Types of High-Risk Pregnancy Tests

Answer 2

1) Screening Tests
2) Diagnostic Tests

Question 3

Type of High-Risk Pregnancy Tests

• Non-invasive
• help identify pregnancies at higher risk for certain conditions
• used as risk assessment tools
• can result in false positives/negatives

Answer 3

Screening Tests

Question 4

Types of High- Risk Pregnancy Tests

• Invasive
• Provide definitive answers ; confirms a diagnosis
• used when further confirmation is needed after screening or if risk factors are present

Answer 4

Diagnostic Tests

Question 5

Approac used in prenatal screening for high risk pregnancy for a more comprehensive risk assessment

Answer 5

Multiple markers approach

Question 6

A multiple markers consists of both?

Answer 6

Fetal ultrasound and maternal blood testing

Question 7

Allows HC providers to check for abnormalities in the growing fetus

ex. ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy

Answer 7

Fetal Ultrasound

Question 8

Can detect potential risks for certain conditions

ex. anemia, HIV, Hep B, GDM, NTDs

Answer 8

Maternal Blood Testing

Question 9

First Trimester Prenatal Screening Tests

Answer 9

1) Nuchal Translucency (NT) Ultrasound
2) Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
3) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 10

Uses an ultrasound to check the area at the back of the fetal neck (nuchal fold) for extra fluid or thickening
- helps assess the risk for Down Syndrome, Trisomy 18, and other genetic problems in the fetus.

Answer 10

Nuchal Translucency (NT) Ultrasound

Question 11

What happens if nuchal scan screening shows an increased chance of genetic problems in the fetus?

Answer 11

Mother is advised for further screening or invasive testing such as amniocentesis and CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling)

Question 12

2 Maternal blood tests done in the first trimester screening test

Answer 12

• Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
• Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Question 13

A protein made by the placenta in early pregnancy. Low levels are linked to a higher risk for chromosomal problems in the fetus.

Answer 13

Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A

Question 14

This is a hormone made by the placenta in early pregnancy. Abnormal levels are linked to a higher risk for chromosomal problems

Answer 14

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Question 15

This is done between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy.
- Measures specific proteins & hormones in the mother’s blood.

Answer 15

Maternal Serum Screening (Triple or Quad Screen)

Question 16

The triple screen consists of:

Answer 16

1) Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
2) Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
3) Estriol (uE3)

Question 17

A protein produced primarily by the liver of a developing fetus. Also diffuses into the amniotic fluid in normal amounts.

• High Levels: Open NTDs
• Low Levels: Down Syndrome

Answer 17

Alpha - fetoprotein

Question 18

Produced by the placenta
- Elevated levels: Down syndrome & other chromosomal abnormalities
- Low levels - Increased risk of miscarriage

Answer 18

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Question 19

A hormone produced by the placenta & the baby’s liver
- Low Levels: Increased risk for Down/Edwards Syndrome

Answer 19

Estriol (uE3)

Question 20

The quad screen consists of:

Answer 20

The triple screen + Inhibin-A

Question 21

Hormone produced by the placenta
- Elevated Levels: Increased risk of Down Syndrome
- Low Levels: Increased risk of Edwards Syndrome

Answer 21

Inhibin-A