Screening

Question 1

Senstivity vs Specificity - define?

Answer 1

Sensitivity - good at ruling out - few false negatives - DETECTS NEGATIVES

Specificity - good at ruling in - few false positives - DETECT POSITIVES

Question 2

The equation for positive predictive value?

The equation for negative predictive value?

Answer 2

Equation - Test +ve /(test +ve + falst +ve)

Equation - Test -ve /(test -ve + falst -ve)

Question 3

Breast cancer Screening - describe?

What is a worrying sign on a mammogram?

What is the triple test?

What age group is tested?

Answer 3

Mammographic screening

Usually detects cancer <2 cm or in situ only

Microcalcificiation and soft tissue density within the breasts

Physical exam, mammography and FNA

50-69

Question 4

Colorectal cancer screening:

What is done to screen for CC?

Age group?

What 2 genetic diseases need regular surveillance?

Answer 4

FOB
Sigmoidoscopy if blood is found

Aged >50

FAP - Familial adenomatous polyposis
HNPCC - hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch Syndrome)

Question 5

Gastric Cancer:

Type of screening?

Answer 5

OGD

Done a lot on Japan due to high incidence of this cancer

Question 6

Prostate Cancer:

2 early screening methods?

Answer 6

Serum PSA measurement + Digital Rectal examination

Question 7

Cervical Cancer Screening:

Exfoliative cytology for CIN.

CIN - what does it stand for?

CIN 2/3 is abnormal - what needs to be done?

Answer 7

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Colposcopy + biopsy

If colposcopic biopsy incomplete, CONE biopsy done to remove the transitional zone

Question 8

Ovarian Cancer:

CA-125 + TVUS - no support for screening at the moment

Same with screening for lung cancer

Answer 8

Ovarian Cancer:

CA-125 + TVUS - no support for screening at the moment

Same with screening for lung cancer