Scramble For Africa

Question 1

What was agreed at the Brussels conference 1876?

Answer 1

• European intervention needed as Africans couldn’t develop natural resources by themselves
• routes to Africa needed to be developed by building roads and railways
• international African association needs to be established to organise european effort.

Question 2

Consequences of the the brussls conference 1876?

Answer 2

• competition increased as they were all suspicious of Leopolds intentions
• Henry Morton Stanley was made to advise in the Congo region and it became clear Leopold wanted ‘Congo empire’
• France and Germany both hire explorers to stake a claim to the Congo region

Question 3

Reasons for the Berlin conference 84-85

Answer 3

• regulation needed as scramble for countries had already begun, Otto von Bismarck invites 14 European countries and the USA.

Question 4

What did the Berlin Conference 84-85 establish?

Answer 4

• all nations can trade in the basin of the Congo river and its outlets, with free trade in these outlets
• european powers should protect indigenous people and stop the slave trade
• should support missionaries, scientists and explorers
• ‘effective occupation’ - a power could assert a claim to land and if its claim was unquestioned, the land was effectively theirs

Question 5

Consequences of the Berlin conference 84-85

Answer 5

• triggered further scramble: by 1900, 90% of Africa European
• successful as countries expanded without conflict
• european powers had little concerns for indigenous people or to stop the slave trade
• has no concern for borders or religious, ethnic and linguistic divisions