Scottish Wars of Independence: Nationalism and Identity Flashcards
What were Edward I ambitions regarding Scotland?
Territorial ambition to integrate Scotland into the English realm - remove Scotland of any previous sovereignty.
When did Edward I conquer Scotland and which Scottish king was dethroned?
Very intense fighting between Scotland and England however, in 1296 Edward I conquered Scotland and John Balliol forced to abdicate.
What were the reactions of Edward I conquering Scotland by William Wallace?
Scottish opposition - William Wallace Battle of Stirling Bridge 1297 significant campaign against the English and provided a sense of Scottish nationalism as fought to re-gain Scottish sovereignty for the people.
What was the outcome of Battle of Stirling Bridge.
Outcome = Scots won and English forced to return to Berwick at the border of Scotland and England. = strong sentiments of Scottish nationalism through this battle and Wallace as a key nationalistic figure
When did Robert I (Robert the Bruce) seize the Scottish throne?
Robert I seized throne in 1306
How significant was Robert I claim to the throne?
Significant as demonstrated his great abilities of success of warfare against English and internal Scottish civil wars
When he was announced king of Scotland = symbolic as mostly accepted by both Scotland and England
How does Robert I relate to ideas of nationalism?
Robert I - some aspects nationalism e.g. fighting for Scottish independence, however, high level of aristocracy undermined this.
KRISTEN WALTON argument on William Wallace and nationalism
William Wallace of a lower noble class and possible to have appealed to the average Scottish commoner and successfully formed a shared identity of Scots like that of nation
Drawback of William Wallace and then counter-argument of this drawback
executed by the English in 1305 = to demonstrate English hegemony over Scotland. Indeed, Wallace may have been defeated, however, his campaign continued, highlighting the power of Scottish nationalistic forces against the English claim to Scotland.
(However) Robert I successes for Scottish independence
obtained independence for Scotland in 1328
What event demonstrated Robert I success - diplomatic ideas
Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton 1328 was signed which recognised Scotland as independently ruled from England and e Robert I was officially recognised as king of Scotland
Why was the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton ultimately a failure - English campaigns against Scotland example.
‘Stone of Destiny’ - Regal symbols taken by Edward
Treaty of 1328 didn’t last long bc shameful to give Scots independence
Regal symbols taken by Edward I to be given back to Scotland, however remained in England bc of rioting = ideas of English dominance
Drawbacks of Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton and what this reveals
However, this limited as was only successful in short-term - continual fighting for Scotland to be independent
Also reveals the chaotic/unstable relations between Scotland and England - from periods of somewhat peace to fighting
