Scottish Wars of Independence: Military Strategies Flashcards
When did Edward III invade Scotland and what was the strategy of this?
Edward III invasion of Scotland 1333.
Strategy = Understood would be unrealistic to attempt to conquer the whole of Scotland e.g. Highlands etc. and sought to focus on conquering more important parts e.g. south east of Scotland.
When did Edward Balliol (son of John Balliol) become king of Scotland and why is this significant?
Edward III establishes Edward Balliol as king of Scots in 1332 aka rest of Scotland, and himself as king of south east of Scotland
John Balliol = Direct rival of Robert I - Robert I dead but son David II alive
David II = Representing the Bruce family claim to Scotland + independence motivations/campaign.
= continual instability and resistance of English interference, thus, Scots remain motivated to seek independence, especially as Robert I son David takes over campaign.
When did the nature of the Anglo-Scottish wars change and what is different?
1337 - By this point it is vital to note the motivations of war between England and Scotland are vastly differential than before:
The Scots now by 1337 = driving force of instigating war with England
England = < motivated to engage in war with Scotland bc occupied with fighting the French in Anglo-French Hundred Years War
When was Battle of Neville’s Cross and how is this significant in depicting nature of the conflict and what was the outcome of this battle?
Battle of Neville’s Cross = 1346
Scots attempted to conquer the castle of St Monan - now imposing military agendas by attempting to conquer northern England.
However, Scots are defeated and David II (king of Scots) 2 arrow wounds to his skull and is captured by the English.
When did the English release David II, and why was this important?
David II released in 1357.
Terms of David II release = Peace agreement 1357 = Long truce between England and Scotland for a while
Represents the extent the Scots were willing to go in order to demonstrate power and ensure security against English forces. Also still long way from achieving this - yet again another threat to king.
What was the historiography of Iain MacInnes on Neville’s Cross.
Historian, Iain MacInnes: Scots defeat at Neville’s Cross undermines the previous successes of the Bruce nobility, however, demonstrated the strong determination of Scots.
