Scots emigration - new zealand Flashcards
transport - shipping
scots were involved in shipbuilding. as global trade grew, the demand for larger and faster ships increased.
scot henry nicol emigrated to new zealand in 1842, and by 1843 set up a shipyard in the Auckland area. Their company built more than 180 ships, including 16 steamers with a tonnage totalling 10,519.
heavy industry - mining
scots were involved in the development of mining - essential to power industrial plants, railways and shipping.
a large number of emigrant miners originated from lanarkshire and the south-west lowlands. They used their industrial and mining skills to unearth significant qualities of gold, much of which helped raise the social and economic importance of local towns.
heavy industry - textiles
scots developed the textile industry.
john ross and robert glendining founded a company that domicated the textile industry in otago. they built the roslyn wooled mill in 1879 which was the first mill in the southern hemisphere to produce worsted wool.
agriculture
scots emigrants took advantage of the availability of cheap farm land.
50% of farmers owning more than 40 hectares were scots, 40% of farmers owning more than 4000 hectares were also scots.
dr david munro introduced the first sheep from australia in 1842 and within 20 years he had 14,000 sheep on his farm.
specific national industry
scots were involved in the early years of new industries which went on to become very important to the nation.
the scot, thomas brydone, helped found the new zealand and australian land company which in 1882, sent the first ever consignment of frozen meat from new zealand to london on the dunedin.
politics
with political involvement, scots shaped the structures of government, law and institutions.
john mckenzie, minister of lands had childhood experiences in scotland that fuelled his hatred of landlordism and his determination to place settlers on family-sized farms.
education
scots influenced education by establishing schools and the development of universities.
the country introduced free, compulsory universal education in 1877, very much along the same lines as the 1872 education act.
james macandrew played a significant role in establishing over 100 schools in otago, as well as helping found the university of dunedin.
religion
evidence of the importance of the presbytarian religion in new zealand can be noted in the holiday pattern.
owing to their protestand traditions for many years scots did not celebrate christmas; instead new years was important.
place names/settlements
scots left their mark in the form of many place names.
dunedin has some of the same street names as edinburgh: princes and george street. dunedin rugby team is called the highlanders in homage to the city’s scottish roots.
culture/pastimes/sport
scots brought and established their culture, pastimes and sports to their new land.
the first burns club was founded in 1861, the first highland games held in 1861 and the first civilian pipe founded at invercargill in 1896.
positive relations to indigenous people
there are examples of positive relations between scots and indigenous people.
maoris helped the scots settlers during the harsh winters of 1848-49. in some areas in the south, many maoris converted to christianity and freely sold land to scots.
negative relations to indigenous people
scots used violence to force indigenous people from their land.
between 1845 and 1872 scots took advantage of the situation by moving onto land that was not necessarily theirs, which led to conflict with maoris. maori wars were uneven affairs as british troops were drafted in to suppress.
