Scotland Flashcards
What were the 8 key events in Henry’s foreign policy towards Scotland?
- Scotland recapture Dunbar - 1486
- Three-Year Truce - 1486
- James III killed by rebels - 1488
- Warbeck arrives in Scotland - 1495
- Warbeck rebellion - Sept 1496
- Treaty of Ayton - 14 97
- Treaty of Perpetual Peace - 1502
- James IV marries Margaret Tudor - 1503
How did Henry react to Scotland’s recapture of Dunbar?
Why?
He turned a blind-eye to it - tried diplomacy instead with the three-year truce
Henry occupied with the Yorkist threat and securing the throne
What did the three-year truce agree on?
(2)
- That Berwick (other bit of catpured Scotland) would be resolved by commissioners
- A marriage alliance would be explored
How did Henry plan to invade and conquer Scotland?
Through marriage
(NOT warfare - too costly!)
Describe the division between James III and the nobility.
What did this lead to?
Much (though not all) of the nobility wanted closer relations with England, while the James III wanted separation.
This division led to James III’s assassination by rebels in 1488
Why did the death of James III throw up challenges for Henry?
Henry had to build up relatinos with the new monarch/ regent
Unfortunately, James IV was a minor and his regent was anti-English
What did Henry fail in negotiating with James IV’s regent?
James IV’s betrothal to Margaret Tudor
Who was Henry’s only friend in Scotland during James IV’s regent’s rule?
The Earl of Angus
What problem transpired for Henry when James IV came of age?
Why?
James IV decided to support Warbeck
Wanted to prove himself by invading England
What 3 things did James IV pledge to Warbeck?
- Military support for an invasion in Sept. 1496
- Shelter for 2 years
- Marriage to James’ cousin
Was James IV’s troops successful in their invasion of England?
Explain why.
No - he could only rally a small force of 1,400 men, because he lacked the support of the nobles
ALSO England were now free from other foreign entanglements, so could focus on the Scotish threat
Why did Henry decide to (try to) launch an invasion on Scotland?
What does this emphasise?
Because of James IV’s support for Perkin Warbeck.
Emphsises the importance of national security to Henry
What foreign diplomacy led to England being free of foreign entanglements in 1496?
Becoming part of the Holy League
How much money did Henry VII raise for war against Scotland through:
- Parliament
- Loans
- Parliament - £120,000
- Loans - £50,000
Why, despite his lack of foreign entranglements, did Henry’s plan of waging war on Scotland never transpire?
In raising money through tax to invade Scotland, Henry triggered the Cornish rebellion, therefore having to use some of the men and money raised to put that down.
THEN in 1497 Henry had to use the men and remaining money to put down Warbeck’s rebellion.
Why was the Treaty of Ayton signed?
- Because Henry had run out of money so could not wage war on Scotland.
- Warbeck was no longer a threat, so there was no longer a reason for war
Why was the Treaty of Ayton significant?
It was the first proper peace treaty signed between England and Scotland since 1328 - more than 150 years
How long did the Treaty of Ayton last?
For 7 years, until 1502
What treaty succeeded/ extended the Treaty of Ayton, and when?
The Treaty of Perpetual Peace, in 1502
What clause in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace held significance for Henry’s aim of recognition for the Tudor dynasty?
Why was this circumstance particularly successful?
The engagement of James IV to Margaret Tudor
They actually married in 1503!
Why could it be argued that Henry’s policy towards Scotland was unsuccessful?
(3)
- Border raids continued
- The Auld Alliance continued
- James IV expanded his navy
(builds tensions with Henry)
What could it be said is the impact of Henry VII’s failings in dealing with Scotland?
Henry VIII would have to pick up the pieces