Scotland

Question 1

What were the 8 key events in Henry’s foreign policy towards Scotland?

Answer 1

1. Scotland recapture Dunbar - 1486
2. Three-Year Truce - 1486
3. James III killed by rebels - 1488
4. Warbeck arrives in Scotland - 1495
5. Warbeck rebellion - Sept 1496
6. Treaty of Ayton - 14 97
7. Treaty of Perpetual Peace - 1502
8. James IV marries Margaret Tudor - 1503

Question 2

How did Henry react to Scotland’s recapture of Dunbar?

Why?

Answer 2

He turned a blind-eye to it - tried diplomacy instead with the three-year truce

Henry occupied with the Yorkist threat and securing the throne

Question 3

What did the three-year truce agree on?

(2)

Answer 3

1. That Berwick _{^{(other bit of catpured Scotland)}} would be resolved by commissioners
2. A marriage alliance would be explored

Question 4

How did Henry plan to invade and conquer Scotland?

Answer 4

Through marriage

^{_{(NOT warfare - too costly!)}}

Question 5

Describe the division between James III and the nobility.

What did this lead to?

Answer 5

Much ^{_{(though not all)}} of the nobility wanted closer relations with England, while the James III wanted separation.

This division led to James III’s assassination by rebels in 1488

Question 6

Why did the death of James III throw up challenges for Henry?

Answer 6

Henry had to build up relatinos with the new monarch/ regent

Unfortunately, James IV was a minor and his regent was anti-English

Question 7

What did Henry fail in negotiating with James IV’s regent?

Answer 7

James IV’s betrothal to Margaret Tudor

Question 8

Who was Henry’s only friend in Scotland during James IV’s regent’s rule?

Answer 8

The Earl of Angus

Question 9

What problem transpired for Henry when James IV came of age?

Why?

Answer 9

James IV decided to support Warbeck

Wanted to prove himself by invading England

Question 10

What 3 things did James IV pledge to Warbeck?

Answer 10

1. Military support for an invasion in Sept. 1496
2. Shelter for 2 years
3. Marriage to James’ cousin

Question 11

Was James IV’s troops successful in their invasion of England?

Explain why.

Answer 11

No - he could only rally a small force of 1,400 men, because he lacked the support of the nobles

ALSO England were now free from other foreign entanglements, so could focus on the Scotish threat

Question 12

Why did Henry decide to (try to) launch an invasion on Scotland?

What does this emphasise?

Answer 12

Because of James IV’s support for Perkin Warbeck.

Emphsises the importance of national security to Henry

Question 13

What foreign diplomacy led to England being free of foreign entanglements in 1496?

Answer 13

Becoming part of the Holy League

Question 14

How much money did Henry VII raise for war against Scotland through:

1. Parliament
2. Loans

Answer 14

1. Parliament - £120,000
2. Loans - £50,000

Question 15

Why, despite his lack of foreign entranglements, did Henry’s plan of waging war on Scotland never transpire?

Answer 15

In raising money through tax to invade Scotland, Henry triggered the Cornish rebellion, therefore having to use some of the men and money raised to put that down.

THEN in 1497 Henry had to use the men and remaining money to put down Warbeck’s rebellion.

Question 16

Why was the Treaty of Ayton signed?

Answer 16

1. Because Henry had run out of money so could not wage war on Scotland.
2. Warbeck was no longer a threat, so there was no longer a reason for war

Question 17

Why was the Treaty of Ayton significant?

Answer 17

It was the first proper peace treaty signed between England and Scotland since 1328 - more than 150 years

Question 18

How long did the Treaty of Ayton last?

Answer 18

For 7 years, until 1502

Question 19

What treaty succeeded/ extended the Treaty of Ayton, and when?

Answer 19

The Treaty of Perpetual Peace, in 1502

Question 20

What clause in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace held significance for Henry’s aim of recognition for the Tudor dynasty?

Why was this circumstance particularly successful?

Answer 20

The engagement of James IV to Margaret Tudor

They actually married in 1503!

Question 21

Why could it be argued that Henry’s policy towards Scotland was unsuccessful?

(3)

Answer 21

1. Border raids continued
2. The Auld Alliance continued
3. James IV expanded his navy

_{^{(builds tensions with Henry)}}

Question 22

What could it be said is the impact of Henry VII’s failings in dealing with Scotland?

Answer 22

Henry VIII would have to pick up the pieces