Foreign Trade

Question 1

Income from customs revenue rose from ____ in 1485 to ____ in 1509

Answer 1

Income from customs revenue rose from £33,000 in 1485 to £40,000 in 1509

Question 2

Evidence of Henry’s success in trading with Burgundy?

Answer 2

Intercursus Magnus 1496

Sell goods wholesale in all of Burgundy barring Flanders without paying tolls or customs

Question 3

Evidence of Henry’s failure in trading with Burgundy?

Answer 3

• Perkin Warbeck embargo 1493-6
• Malus Intercursus 1506
  
  • So favourable to English merchants ^{(free trade, no duties for English, but same for Burgundians)} that by 1507 back to Magnus Intercursus

Question 4

Overall judgement on trade with Burgundy?

?/6

Answer 4

Mixed - Magnus Intercursus was successful, and embargo only for a short time, and more important than trade. However Malus Intercursus was poorly judged, although not all bad as Magnus back in place.

4/6

Question 5

Evidence of Henry’s success in trading with Spain?

(1.3 & 2)

Answer 5

• Treaty of Medina del Campo 1489
  
  • Made dual trading partners
  • Ended trade restrictions
  • Enjoyed duties at a fixed low rate
• Access to trade with Mediterranean
  
  • Led to Venecian deals

Question 6

Evidence of Henry’s failure in trading with Spain?

Answer 6

• Navigation Acts 1485-6
  
  • Spanish retaliation forbidding foreign ships transporting Spanish goods if Spanish ships available
• Did not allow England access to exciting trade in the New World - a blow

Question 7

Overall judgement on success of trade with Spain?

?/6

Answer 7

More a success than a failure - Treaty of Medina del Campo ended earlier qualms, got trade in Mediterranean, and although no access to lucrative New World trade as a minor player and not his most imp aim Henry should have been pleased with good trade with important player. _{^{(On other hand no way of expanding without New World trade)}}

5/6

Question 8

Evidence of Henry’s success in trading with Portugal?

Answer 8

Renewed an earlier treaty with Portugal which encouraged trade in 1489 Treaty of Medina del Campo

Question 9

Overall judgement on trade with Portugal?

?/6

Answer 9

Successful, but not very significant as a trading partner and not amazing for England

4/6

Question 10

Evidence of Henry’s success in trade with Venice?

Answer 10

• Henry retaliated against Venecian heavy duties with same
• Signing treaty with Florence, Venice’s enemy, in 1490 as alternative trading partne

Caused Venice to drop duties on English ships

Venecian monopoly of Mediterranean gone, and England retained favourable position through Italian Wars

Question 11

Overall judgement on trade with Venice?

?/6

Answer 11

Very astute trading, Herny persisted and was rewarded favourably

5/6

(not 6 purely because not most important trading partner)

Question 12

Evidence of Henry’s failure in trading with the Baltic/ Hanseatic League?

Answer 12

Henry’s Navigation Acts had little impact, and 1504 treaty with League restored their favourable position anyway because of Earl of Suffolk/ Edmund de le Pole fugitive in their area

Attempt to gain direct access to northern trade through negotiations with Riga fell through in 1499 because rejoined Hanse

Question 13

Evidence of Henry’s success in trading with the Baltic/ Hanseatic League?

Answer 13

Signed treaties with Denmark 1489 and Sweden 1490 in attempt to gain direct access to northern trade

Question 14

Overall judgement of trade with Hanse?

Answer 14

Poor - Of second most significance to England in terms of trade, and all progress was continually knowcked back, and not very effective to begin with

HOWEVER priorities - National security before trade

2/6