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Microbiology > Scope, Taxonomy, & Morphology > Flashcards

Scope, Taxonomy, & Morphology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

5 branches of studies under microbiology

A
  • Bacteriology
  • Virology
  • Mycology
  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
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2
Q

minute unicellular organisms that have all the necessary protoplasmic equipment for growth and self-multiplication at the expense of available food

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

Why are viruses said to be simple in terms of structure?

A

They only have 2 parts:

  • nucleic acid
  • capsid (protein coat)
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4
Q

viruses that can infect bacteria

A

Bacteriophages

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5
Q

2 forms of fungi

A
  • yeast (unicellular)

- mold (multicellular)

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6
Q

organism that causes tinea versicolor

A

Malassezia furfur

*spaghetti & meatballs under the microscope :D

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7
Q

area of biologic science comprising of 3 distinct but highly interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, identification)

A

Taxonomy

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8
Q

True or False

In classification, organisms with similar morphology, physiology, and genetic traits are organized into specific groups

A

True

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9
Q

a collection of bacterial strains that share many common physiologic and genetic features

A

Species

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10
Q

designations given to groups below the subspecies that share specific but relatively minor characteristics

A
  1. biotype - biochemical
  2. serotype - antigen-antibody
  3. phagotype - action of species’ specific bacteriophage strain
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11
Q

comprised of different species with several important common features but differ sufficiently to maintain individual species status

A

Genus

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12
Q

developed the binomial system of nomenclature

A

Carolus Linnaeus

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13
Q

involves tests whose results serve as clues that will give the name of the organism

A

Identification

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14
Q

2 categories of identification

A
  • genotypic characteristics

- phenotypic characteristics

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15
Q

2 criteria for genotypic characteristics

A
  • DNA base composition ratio

- nucleic acid base sequence analysis or homology

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16
Q

8 criteria for phenotypic characteristics

A
  • microscopic morphology
  • staining characteristics
  • environmental requirements
  • nutritional requirements
  • macroscopic morphology
  • subcellular properties
  • resistance profiles
  • antigenic properties
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17
Q

developed the theory that all living things are composed of cells

A

Theodore Schwann and Mathias Schleiden

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18
Q

undifferentiated unicellular organisms that do not form specialized tissues and organ systems

A

Protists

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19
Q

4 functions living cells are capable of

A
  • growing
  • reproducing
  • responding to stimuli
  • metabolizing
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20
Q

2 groups of protists

A
  • prokaryotes

- eukaryotes

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21
Q

group of protists without a membrane surrounding the DNA and organelles

A

Prokaryotes

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22
Q

2 types of prokaryotes

A
  • bacteria

- archaea

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23
Q

differences between bacteria and archaea

A
  • nucleotide sequence of rRNA
  • type of lipids in cytoplasmic membrane
  • cell wall chemistry
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24
Q

group of protists with a membrane surrounding the DNA (nucleus) and membrane-bound organelles

A

Eukaryotes

25
Q

5 types of eukaryotes

A
  • algae
  • protozoa
  • fungi
  • animals
  • plants
26
Q

discovered 3 basic types of ribosomes which led to the proposal of a new classification scheme with the new taxon - domain

A

Carl Woese

27
Q

3 domains

A
  • Eukarya
  • Bacteria
  • Archaea
28
Q

3 basic shapes of bacteria

A
  • coccus (round)
  • bacillus (long, fusiform)
  • spiral
29
Q

Coccus subtypes

A
  • diplococci
  • streptococci
  • staphylococci
  • tetrad
  • sarcina
30
Q

cocci in pairs (2 round cells facing each other)

A

Diplococci

31
Q

2 examples of diplococci and their shape

A
  1. Streptococcus pneumoniae - lanceolate

2. Neisseria gonorrhoeae - coffee bean

32
Q

cocci in chains which look like beads on a string

A

Streptococci

33
Q

example of streptococci

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (agent of bacterial tonsilitis)

34
Q

cocci in grapelike or irregular clusters

A

Staphylococci

35
Q

example of staphylococci

A

Staphylococcus aureus

36
Q

cocci in groups of four

A

Tetrad

37
Q

example of tetrad

A

Gaffkya tetragena

38
Q

cocci in cubical packets of 8 cells

A

Sarcina

39
Q

example of sarcina

A

Sarcina lutea (causes body odor)

40
Q

Bacilli subtypes

A
  • diplobacilli
  • streptobacilli
  • coccobacilli
  • vibrio
41
Q

bacilli in pairs

A

Diplobacilli

42
Q

special arrangements of diplobacilli

A
  • snapping \/

- slipping //

43
Q

example of slipping diplobacilli

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

44
Q

bacilli in chains

A

Streptobacilli

45
Q

example of streptobacilli

A

Bacillus subtilis (contains spaces called spores)

46
Q

short, plump or thick, oval bacilli

A

Coccobacilli

47
Q

example of coccobacilli

A

Escherichia coli (causes traveller’s diarrhea)

48
Q

comma-shaped bacilli

A

Vibrio

49
Q

example of vibrio

A

Vibrio cholerae

50
Q

Spiral subtypes

A
  • spirillum

- spirochete

51
Q

spiral organism with long axes that remain rigid when in motion

A

Spirillum

52
Q

example of spirillum

A

Campylobacter jejuni (looks like a bird in flight, r, s, or n under the microscope)

53
Q

spiral organism with long axes that bend when in motion

A

Spirochete

54
Q

3 genera of spirochetes and

A
  1. Genus Treponema (corkscrew)
    - T. pallidum
  2. Genus Leptospira (hook-like ends)
    - L. interrogans
  3. Genus Borrelia (undulating)
    - B. burgdorferi
55
Q

smallest known pathogenic bacilli which causes bacterial meningitis in children

A

Haemophilus influenzae

56
Q

largest known pathogenic bacilli which causes anthrax

A

Bacillus anthracis

57
Q

bacteria with an average size of 0.4-2 µm

A

Cocci

58
Q

bacteria with an average size of 0.2-4 µm x 0.5-20 µm

A

Bacilli

59
Q

bacteria with an average length of 1-14 µm

A

Spirals

Microbiology (4 decks)

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