Historical Facts

Question 1

first to describe bacteria in 1677 with a simple microscope

Answer 1

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

microorganisms identified by Leeuwenhoek

Answer 2

• bacteria
• fungi
• protozoa
• spermatozoa

Question 3

Father of Bacteriology

Answer 3

Anton van Leewuenhoek

Question 4

developed the compound microscope in 1678

Answer 4

Robert Hooke

Question 5

theory that life could develop spontaneously from decomposing, nonliving material

Answer 5

Spontaneous Generation Theory (abiogenesis)

Question 6

refuted the abiogenesis theory when he demonstrated that the appearance of maggots in decomposing meat depended on deposition of eggs by flies

Answer 6

Francesco Redi

Question 7

disproved abiogenesis and stated that life must arise from pre-existing life

Answer 7

Pasteur and Tyndall

Question 8

first to propose the theory of biogenesis in 1858

Answer 8

Rudolf Virchow

Question 9

filtered microorganisms from the air and concluded this to be the source of contamination

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur

Question 10

demonstrated the fermentation of fruits and grains by ‘ferments’

Answer 10

Louis Pasteur

Question 11

developed the chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies vaccines

Answer 11

Louis Pasteur

Question 12

• proved that dust carried germs and found that bacterial spores can be killed by successive heating
• what is this process of heating called?

Answer 12

• John Tyndall

- Tyndallization

Question 13

postulated that the diseases were caused by invisible living creatures called germs

Answer 13

Roger Bacon

Question 14

theory that each specific infectious disease is caused by a specific microorganism developed by Pasteur

Answer 14

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 15

introduced aseptic surgery by demonstrating the value of spraying operating rooms with aq. phenol

Answer 15

Joseph Lister

Question 16

developed the first pure culture technique using liquid medium - key to bacteria ID

Answer 16

Joseph Lister

Question 17

perfected the techniques of organism ID used today including the use of solid media

Answer 17

Robert Koch

Question 18

established the etiologic rule of bacteria for anthrax by isolating it in pure culture and transmitted the disease to mice in 1876

Answer 18

Robert Koch

Question 19

discovered the tubercle bacilli and formulated the criteria that provides proof that a specific bacterium cause a disease in 1882

Answer 19

Robert Koch

Question 20

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 20

1. causative agent must be present in every case of disease and not in healthy animals
2. pathogens must be isolated from the diseased animal host and grown in pure culture away from host
3. same disease must be produced when microbes from the culture are inoculated in healthy animals
4. same pathogen must be recovered from artificially infected host and be able to grow in pure culture

Question 21

exceptions to Koch’s Postulates

Answer 21

• viruses (obligate intracellular parasites)
• leprosy bacilli
• spiral organisms