Scoliosis Flashcards
Adolescent scoliosis affects mainly ________ and is mainly a ________ convexity (90%).
Girls, right sided thoracic
Juvenile scoliosis affects mainly ________ and is mainly a ________ convexity.
Girls, right sided thoracic
The two main types of scoliosis are ________ and ________.
Nonstructural/functional, structural
In nonstructural/functional scoliosis, the curve is ________ and the curve corrects itself when side bending ________ the convexity.
Flexible, towards
Nonstructural/functional scoliosis is also known as ________ or ________. ________ refers to slight deviations that correct voluntarily and disappear with movement, while ________ is due to an underlying condition (shorter leg).
Postural, compensatory, postural, compensatory
In structural scoliosis, the curve is ________ and the curve ________ be voluntarily straightened.
Not flexible, cannot
Researches were able to induce scoliosis in Zebra fish by mutating the ________ or ________ cilia genes. When the gene was repaired, they were able to ________ curves from forming.
c21, f59, prevent
A major etiology of scoliosis is thought to be ________.
Genetics
________ makes up for 80% of all structural scoliosis and at least ________ percent have a genetic etiologic basis.
Idiopathic, 90%
The three classifications of structural scoliosis are ________, ________, and ________.
Idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular
Abnormalities in the ________ often lead to congenital scoliosis.
Chondrification centers
________ is defined as a lateral curve of the spine greater than 10 degrees associated with vertebral rotation.
Scoliosis
In addition to chondrification center defects, those with congenital scoliosis may also have ________ defects.
Genitourinary (20-40%)
Failure of segmentation can result in a _______ or a ________.
Congenital bar (40%), block vertebra
Neurological theories suggest that AIS patients may have lower levels of ________ and that children with idiopathic scoliosis may have a ________ deficit.
Cerebellar tonsillar, vestibular
The biomechanical theory of scoliosis is based on the ________ principle that suggests unequal ________ will cause change in vertebral bodies and cause wedging of the vertebrae.
Hueter-Volkmann, pressure
Idiopathic scoliosis can be further broken down into ________, ________, and ________.
Infantile (0-3), juvenile (3-9), adolescent (>10)
A right ________ curve is the most common type of curve, followed by a right ________ curve.
Thoracic, thoracolumbar
Failure of formation can result in a ________ or a ________.
Hemivertebra (30%), wedge vertebra
________ percent of scoliosis is idiopathic.
80%
Congenital spine deformities can be caused by failure of ________ development.
Bone
The main way to tell the difference between NS/F and S scoliosis is that the curve ________ in NS/F and ________ in S.
Corrects, does not correct
Although the inheritance pattern of scoliosis is unclear, ________ patients have a positive family history.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
Children with congenital scoliosis who are surgical candidates need extensive ________ and ________ evaluations.
Cardiopulmonary, genitourinary
