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SCMT 364 > SCMT Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - Chapter 12 > Flashcards

SCMT Exam 2 - FLASHCARDS - Chapter 12

1
Q

True or false: Total quality management requires companies to deal with all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What term refers to the inherent value of the product in the marketplace?

A

Design quality

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3
Q

Which quality term refers to the degree to which the product or service design specifications are met?

A

Conformance

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4
Q

What are costs for defects that pass through the system: customer warranty replacements, loss of customers or goodwill, handling complaints, and product repair?

A

External failure costs

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5
Q

What are costs of the inspection, testing, and other tasks to ensure that the product or process is acceptable?

A

Appraisal costs

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6
Q

What is the sum of all the costs to prevent defects, such as the costs to identify the cause of the defect, to implement corrective action to eliminate the cause, to train personnel, to redesign the product or system, and to purchase new equipment or make modifications?

A

Prevention costs

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7
Q

What are costs for defects incurred within the system: scrap, rework, repair?

A

Internal failure costs

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8
Q

TQM stands for

A

Total quality management

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9
Q

It is generally believed that the correct cost for a well-run quality management program should be under what amount?

A

2.5 percent

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10
Q

Where a product is involved, who is responsible for ensuring that quality specifications are met?

A

Manufacturing management

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11
Q

The cost of quality has been estimated at what percentage of every sales dollar?

A

15-20%

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12
Q

Warranty costs and customer complaints are examples of which type of quality cost?

A

External failure costs

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13
Q

How many defects per million units are permitted to meet Six Sigma standards?

A

3.4

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14
Q

Quality at the source is often discussed in the context of ______________ quality.

A

Conformance

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15
Q

What term refers to the philosophy and methods that companies use to eliminate defects in their products and processes?

A

Six sigma

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16
Q

What do Six Sigma programs seek to reduce in processes?

A

Variation

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17
Q

Which piece(s) of information are needed to calculate DPMO? Check all that apply.

Unit

Defect

Opportunity

Cost of goods sold

Efficiency

A

Unit

Defect

Opportunity

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18
Q

Which is the ISO certification regarding quality management requirements in business-to-business dealings?

A

ISO 9000

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19
Q

The idea behind the ISO standards is that defects can be prevented through the planning and application of _____ _____ at every stage of business

A

Best practices

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20
Q

Which analytical tool of Six Sigma breaks down a problem into the relative contributions of its components?

A

Pareto diagram

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21
Q

ISO documents provide detailed requirements for meeting the standards and describing the tools used for improving quality in the firm. These documents are:

A

generic and applicable to any organization.

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22
Q

What does DPMO measure?

A

The variability of a process

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23
Q

True or false: Conformance quality is a strategic decision for a firm?

A

FALSE. Conformance quality refers to the degree to which the product or service design specifications are met. The activities involved in achieving conformance are of a day-to-day nature

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24
Q

True or false: Design quality refers to the inherent value of the product in the marketplace?

A

TRUE. Design quality refers to the inherent value of the product in the marketplace and is thus a strategic decision for the firm.

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25
True or false: One six sigma tool used in total quality management is the Pareto chart?
TRUE. The tools common to all quality efforts, including Six Sigma, are flowcharts, run charts, Pareto charts, histograms, checksheets, cause-and-effect diagrams, and control charts
26
The dimension of design quality that concerns the consistency of performance over time or the probability of failing is which of the following? A. Response B. Serviceability C. Reliability D. Reputation E. Perceived quality
Reliability
27
Which of the following is the cost of quality classification for costs such as defects that pass through the system (e.g., customer warranty replacements, loss of customer or goodwill, handling complaints, and product repair)? A. Appraisal costs B. Prevention costs C. External failure costs D. Customer return cost E. Workmanship costs
External failure costs. External failure costs include costs for defects that pass through the system: customer warranty replacements, loss of customers or goodwill, handling complaints, and product repair
28
What are the demensions of quality?
• Performance: Primary product or service characteristics • Features: Added touches, bells and whistles, secondary characteristics • Reliability/durability: Consistency of performance over time • Aesthetics: Sensory characteristics • Serviceability: Ease of repair (or support) • Perceived quality: Past performance and reputation
29
What is total quality management?
Managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer.
30
What are TQM values?
1. Holistic view of quality 2. Emphasis on customer 3. Extended process view of operations 4. Emphasis on prevention, not inspection 5. Disdain for variability 6. Data (not opinion) based decision making 7. Employee empowerment 8. Top management support 9. Supplier involvement 10. Continuous improvement
31
What do supply managers do to influence quality?
Purchase requirements Supplier selection Manage contracts Manage suppliers
32
What do Manufacturing & Service Operations do to influence quality?
Design and execute processing procedures Design work policies Manage facilities and equipment Schedule work
33
What do human resources do to influence quality?
Hiring criteria; training and development programs Compensation schemes and incentives
34
What do logistics managers do to influence quality?
Selection of transportation providers Develop tracking systems Design packaging, storage and material handling processes Management of transportation providers
35
What are details about ISO 9000?
• For all types of organizations • Application and audit • International standard for quality • Required by many customers • Certification maintenance requires periodic auditing
36
What are benefits of ISO 9000?
• Required by many customers (including Ford, GM, Chrysler, & many other large firms) • A firm can free itself from liability in European Union if it shows it used ISO 9000 suppliers • Provides the foundational work for ISO 14000 and other quality standards
37
What reward is given to organizations that have demonstrated outstanding quality in their products and processes?
The Baldrige Quality Award
38
What do candidates for the Baldrige Quality Award have to do?
Must submit an application of up to 50 pages that details the approach, deployment, and results of their quality activities under seven major categories: 1. Leadership 2. Strategic Planning 3. Customer and Market Focus 4. Information and Analysis 5. Human Resource Focus 6. Process Management 7. Business Results
39
What is Crosby's opinion on performance standards and motivation?
Zero defects
40
What is Deming's opinion on performance standards and motivation?
– Quality is multi‐dimensional and has many scales – Statistical measures of performance – Not a believer in zero defects
41
What is Juran's opinion on performance standards and motivation?
Avoid campaigns touting “perfection”
42
What is Crosby's opinion on Statistical Quality Control (SQC)?
Rejects statistically acceptable levels of quality due to the zero defects (100% quality) requirement
43
What is Deming's opinion on Statistical Quality Control (SQC)?
Statistical methods are vital to quality control
44
What is Juran's opinion on Statistical Quality Control (SQC)?
Use SQC but exercise caution as one size does not fit all
45
What is Crosby's opinion on cost of quality?
– Cost of nonconformance – Quality is ‘free’
46
What is Deming's opinion on cost of quality?
– No optimum level of quality – Continuous improvement is the focus
47
What is Juran's opinion on cost of quality?
– Quality is not free – No optimum level of quality
48
Why might Cost of Quality (COQ) be hard to calculate?
– Hidden in overhead and administrative accounts – Need cooperation by accounting and operations
49
What is a philosophy and set of methods companies use to eliminate defects in their products and processes?
Six sigma
50
What does six sigma seek to do?
Seeks to reduce variation in the processes that lead to product defects
51
What does DPMO stand for?
Defective Parts per Million Opportunities
52
What is the unit in DPMO?
Unit is the item produced or serviced
53
What is the defect in DPMO?
Defect is any item or event that does not meet the customer’s requirements
54
What is the opportunity in DPMO?
Opportunity is any chance for a defect to occur
55
What is the formula for Defective Parts per Million Opportunities (DPMO)?
(Number of defects / number of opportunities for error per unit x number of units) x 1,000,000
56
What does DMAIC stand for?
Define, measure, analyze, improve, and control
57
What is the overall focus of DMAIC?
Overall focus of the methodology is to understand and achieve what the customer wants
58
What does DMAIC seek to do?
Seeks to reduce the variation in the processes that lead to these defects
59
What is the DMAIC cycle?
• Define: Identify customers and their priorities • Measure: Determine how to measure the process and how it is performing • Analyze: Determine the most likely causes of defects • Improve: Identify means to remove the causes of defects • Control: Determine how to maintain the improvements
60
What is quality at the source?
Person who does the work takes responsibility for meeting specifications
61
What is lean six sigma?
Combines implementation and quality tools of Six Sigma with Lean Manufacturing which eliminates waste and focuses on just‐in‐time inventory methods.
62
What are analytical tools of six sigma?
• Flowchart: A diagram of the sequence of operations • Run chart: Depict trends in data over time • Pareto chart: Help to break down a problem into components • Checksheet: Basic form to standardize data collection • Cause‐and‐effect diagram: Show relationships between causes and problems • Opportunity flow diagram: Used to separate value‐added from non‐value‐added • Process control chart: Used to assure that processes are in statistical control • Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): Used to find failure modes and determine liability • Design of Experiments (DOE): Multivariate testing method
63
What is when you identify each element, assembly, or part of the process and list the potential failure modes, potential causes, and effects of each failure?
Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA):
64
What does FMEA help identify?
Helps identify liability exposure
65
What is a statistical method for determining cause and effect relationships between many inputs and the output?
Design of Experiments (DOE)
66
What is another name for Design of Experiments (DOE)?
multivariate testing

SCMT 364 (8 decks)

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