SCM ch. 3

Question 1

categorical data

Answer 1

data that are described as a category or label.

Question 2

index point

Answer 2

marks the middle of the data values and is used to determine the position of the median in the data set.

Question 3

left skewed distribution

Answer 3

the shape of the distribution when the median is higher than the mean

Question 4

mean

Answer 4

a measure that is calculated by adding up all the values in a data set and then dividing the result by the number of observations

Question 5

measures of central tendency

Answer 5

measures that use a single value to describe the center point of a data set

Question 6

median

Answer 6

the value in a data set for which half the observations are higher and half the observations are lower

Question 7

mode

Answer 7

the value that appears most often in the data set

Question 8

outliners

Answer 8

values that are much higher or lower than most of the data

Question 9

right skewed distribution

Answer 9

the shape of a distribution when its mean is higher than its median

Question 10

weighted mean

Answer 10

allows you to assign more weight to certain values and less weight to others when calculating the mean

Question 11

measures of variability

Answer 11

measures that determine how much of a spread there is within a data set

Question 12

range

Answer 12

a measure of variability that is found by subtracting the lowest value from the highest value in a data set

Question 13

standard deviation

Answer 13

the square root of a distributions variance

Question 14

variance

Answer 14

a measure that describes the relative distance between the data points in a set around the mean of the data set

Question 15

chebyshev`s theorm

Answer 15

this states that regardless of whether a distribution is bell shaped, for any number z-score greater than one, at least 94% of the data values will fall within +- four standard deviations of the mean, at least 89% of the data values will fall +- three standard deviations of the mean, and at least 75% of data values will fall +- two standard deviations of the mean.

Question 16

coefficient of variation

Answer 16

a measure of the standard deviation in terms of its percentage of the mean

Question 17

empirical rule

Answer 17

this states that if a distribution follows a bell shaped, symmetrical curve centered around the mean, approx 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values fall within one, two, and three standard deviations around the mean, respectively.

Question 18

outliers

Answer 18

extreme values in the data set that require special consideration

Question 19

z-score

Answer 19

a measure that identifies the number of standard deviations a particular value is from the mean of its distribution

Question 20

midpoint

Answer 20

the halfway point in a set of data. it can be found by taking the average of the endpoints for each class.

Question 21

box and whisker plot

Answer 21

a graphical display showing the relative position of a distributions three quartiles as a box on a number line, along with the min and max values

Question 22

five number summary

Answer 22

a list that consists of a distributions min value, first, second, and third quartiles, and the max value

Question 23

interquartile range (IRQ)

Answer 23

the difference between the first and third quartiles. it corresponds to the data in the middle 50% of the range.

Question 24

measures of relative position

Answer 24

measures that compare the position of one value in relation to other values in a data set

Question 25

percentiles

Answer 25

measure the approx percentage of values in the data set that are below the value of interest

Question 26

percentile rank

Answer 26

identifies the percentile of a particular value within a set of data

Question 27

Pth percentile

Answer 27

the approx percentage of values in the data set that are below the value of interest (where p is any number between 1 and 100)

Question 28

quartiles

Answer 28

the first, second, and third quartiles are 25th, 50th (median), and 75th percentiles, respectively.