Scizophrenia

Question 1

Approximately, what percentage of the population has been diagnosed with schizophrenia?

Answer 1

~1%

Question 2

Name some positive symptoms of SZ

Answer 2

Hallucinations and delusions

Question 3

Name some negative symptoms of SZ

Answer 3

Avolition, affectless, social withdrawal and catatonia

Question 4

Name some cognitive symptoms of SZ

Answer 4

Speech poverty, memory and attention problems

Question 5

Name some cognitive symptoms of SZ

Answer 5

Speech poverty, memory and attention problems

Question 6

Approximately, how many dizygotic twins share a diagnosis of SZ?

Answer 6

~15%

Question 7

Approximately, how many monozygotic twins share a diagnosis of SZ?

Answer 7

~40-50-%

Question 8

When are people most likely to be diagnosed with SZ (Ie peak onset)?

Answer 8

20-30 years of age

Question 9

Are males or females more likely to be diagnosed with SZ?

Answer 9

Currently, males, although there is debate surrounding whether symptoms are recognised in males and in females they go untreated and undiagnosed

Question 10

What are the potential causes of SZ?

Answer 10

Environmental and neurodevelopmental can work in tandem with many other issues

Question 11

What are some historic treatments of SZ?

Answer 11

Insulin coma, lobotomy, restraint, hydrotherapy and long term sedation

Question 12

What was the first anti-psychotic drug used in SZ treatment?

Answer 12

Reserpine

Question 13

How does reserpine act as a mood stabiliser?

Answer 13

It blocks the vesicular reuptake of noradrenaline

Question 14

What is the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 14

The theory that increased levels of dopamine in the CNS and dopamine hyperactivity leading to symptoms of SZ

Question 15

What is the dopamine hypothesis of SZ?

Answer 15

Increased DA and hyperactive DA transmission lead to SZ symptoms

Question 16

Which neural pathway is linked to dopamine hyperactivity?

Answer 16

The mesolimbic pathway is linked to hyperactivity of DA and +ve symptoms

Question 17

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

Answer 17

The theory that increased levels of dopamine in the CNS and dopamine hyperactivity lead to symptoms of SZ

Question 18

What are the subtypes of dopamine receptors?

Answer 18

D 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

Question 19

What is D 1 linked to?

Answer 19

It is linked to GPCR Gs, which increases adenylyl cyclase activity

Question 20

What is D 2 linked to?

Answer 20

It is linked to GPCR Gi, which inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity

Question 21

Which receptor is similar to D 1?

Answer 21

D 5

Question 22

Which receptors are similar to D 2?

Answer 22

D 3 and 4

Question 23

Which receptor do antipsychotics target?

Answer 23

D2