Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Flashcards
When did the Enlightenment take place?
1700s
Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the eighteenth century that emphasized reason and science.
- it originated france
Rationalism
the idea that humans are capable of using their faculty of reason to gain knowledge.
Scientific Method
research, problem, hypothesis, project experimentation, and project conclusion.
Helio-centric
the sun is the center of the universe, not earth
by copernicus
Geo-centric
the earth is the center of the universe
the views of aristotle and ptolemy
Copernicus
Copernicus came up with the Helio-centric theory. His book had enourmous religious and scientific consequenes.
Galileo
Galileo attacked a lot of traditional views of science. He used the telescope and discovered things about Jupiter’s moons and that the moon has a mountainous surface like Earth.
Aristotle
Aristotle is a towering figure in ancient Greek philosophy
he believed that happiness comes from developing virtue and knowledge comes from the world.
Ptolemaic System
the theory that the earth is the stationary center of the universe, with the planets moving in epicyclic orbits within surrounding concentric spheres.
Newton
Newton was a very important figure of the scientific revolution. He wrote a book explaing the “law of universal gravitation”. The law states that every body in the universe attracts every other body in precise mathematical relationships.
Salons
an informal education for women, where they were able to exchange ideas, receive and give criticism, read their own works and hear the works and ideas of other intellectuals
Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes believed that humans in their original state of nature were unhappy. In the state of nature, Hobbes asserted that man was quarrelsome, turbulent, and forever locked in a war against all. Thus, man enters a social contract to surrender his freedom to an absolute ruler, in order to maintain law and order. The subject could never rebel and the monarchs had the right to put down any rebellion by any means possible.
John Locke
Locke argued that man is born basically good and has certain natural rights of life, liberty, and property. To protect these natural rights, people enter into a social contract to create a government with limited powers. Locke believed that if a government did not protect these rights or exceeded its authority, the people have a right to revolt, if necessary.
Social Contract
when a group of people agree to give up certain rights and accept a central authority in order to protect their other rights.
