Scientific Revolution

Question 0

(Johannes) Kepler

Answer 0

German, mathematician, and astronomer. Discovered planets move in elliptical orbits NOT circular and that planets accelerate as they get closer to the sun.

Question 1

(Tycho) Brahe

Answer 1

Denmark (Danish) astronomer. Earth orbits the sun and all other planets orbit earth.

Question 2

Galileo Galilei

Answer 2

Italian, physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, AND philosopher. Built a super powered telescope and discovered the moon has mountains and craters. And discovered the 4 moons around Jupiter. And he really discovered the sun centered universe.
Book: dialogue concerning…. He contradicted Catholics so was put on house arrest.

Question 3

René Descartes

Answer 3

French, mathematician/ philosopher. Founder of modern philosophy. He was SHOCKED by galileo’s discoveries. He wrote “discourse on method”. He found one thing to be true “I think, therefore I am” (cogito ergo sum). I exist so I have a maker… So God exists (deductive logic). MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY.

Question 4

Dualist

Answer 4

Two key concepts:
mind/ soul: in-material
Body: material/tangible.

(Descartes believes this)

Question 5

Rationalist vs. empiricist

Answer 5

Rationalist: knowledge comes from the mind (Descartes)
Empiricist: knowledge comes from experience (Locke & Hobbes)

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 6

From England. Soul is material. NOTHING is in-material, therefore no god.
Witnessed English civil war. Everyone wants to kill each other.

Question 7

Robert Boyle

Answer 7

Born in Ireland. Saved Hobbes from execution since he was an atheist.
Father of chemistry / royal society
Mechanical philosophy.

Question 8

Isaac Newton

Answer 8

From England. Is a physicist, mathematician and astronomer. He discovered white light, invented calculus, discovered equation for Gravity.
His book: mathematical principles of natural philosophy

Gravity is in material proving Hobbes wrong.