Enlightenment

Question 0

Louis XIV

Answer 0

Sun king, absolute monarchy, I am frAnce. Lived through Fronde. Lived in Versailles

Question 1

3 estates in France

Answer 1

1. Clergy 2. Nobility 3. Everyone else (95%). Peasants, bourgeoise,working class

Question 2

Voltaire

Answer 2

French (nobleman/ philosopher/ historian). Forced to live in England. He liked the limited monarchy. He brings lockes and newtons ideas to France. Book: letters on the English.

Question 3

Edward gibbon

Answer 3

(English). Historian/ member of parliament. Do what makes you happy. He believed religion (Christianity) ruined Roman Empire. Morality doesn’t come from bible.

Question 4

De Sade

Answer 4

French aristocrat, politician and philosopher. Pornographic novels, eat shit and fuck. Do whatever you want as long as you aren’t hurting anyone.

Question 5

Rousseau

Answer 5

Focused on children. Sometimes anti enlightenment views. Stressed emotion instead of reason. Advocated general will/ common good. “We will forced to be free”

Question 6

Condorcet

Answer 6

French. The more reason the better. Free/ equal/ universal education. Equal rights for women.

Question 7

Hume

Answer 7

Scottish. Historian. Empiricist. Treatise of human nature. Influenced by Newton.

Question 8

Montesquieu

Answer 8

French/ lawyer. “Spirit of laws”. Created 3 branches of government for division of power. LEGISLATIVE, executive, and judicial

Question 9

Adam smith

Answer 9

Scottish. Pioneer of political economy. Concerned with national wealth. Wealthy nations have hardworking people. The invisible hand. Advocates laissez faire (not much interaction from government)

Question 10

Kant

Answer 10

German. Critic of pure reason. Believed lockes mind is blank slate but has different categories so not everyone turns out the same. Famous student is Hegel (Marxism)