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History Unit 1 Test > Scientific Revolution > Flashcards

Scientific Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

Who are the 3 auctores?

A

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen

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2
Q

Which auctore studied physics?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Which auctore studied medicine and anatomy?

A

Galen

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4
Q

Which auctore studied astronomy and geography?

A

Ptolemy

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5
Q

What did Ptolemy create and think?

A

Ptolemaic Universe, geocentric system

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6
Q

What is the geocentric system?

A

Idea by Ptolemy that the earth is the center of the universe

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7
Q

What surrounds and moves the earth in the Ptolemaic Universe?

A

Crystalline Spheres

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8
Q

What is the outermost crystalline sphere in the Ptolemaic Universe that moves all the others?

A

Primum Mobile/First Mover

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9
Q

Who proved Ptolemy and the geocentric system wrong?

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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10
Q

What is the heliocentric system?

A

sun is the center of the universe/solar system

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11
Q

What year was the heliocentric system revealed in Copernicus’ book ‘On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres’ ?

A

1543

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12
Q

How did people explain the inconsistency of planet movement? (why they dont move in perfect circle)

A

epicycles

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13
Q

What are epicycles?

A

circles on circles; used to explain planet movement inconsistency

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14
Q

What did people believe space was made out of?

A

celestial matter/5th element/ether/quintessence

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15
Q

What was the mechanistic universe?

A

idea that the universe is like a machine:predictable and always working

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16
Q

Who made the best observations of the sky without a telescope?

A

Tycho Brahe

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17
Q

What did Tycho Brahe see/discover?

A

Nova/exploding star; comets

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18
Q

What did Tycho Brahe study (in addition to astronomy) that was semi-controversial?

A

pseudo science/astrology

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19
Q

Who was Tycho Brahe’s apprentis?

A

Johannes Kepler

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20
Q

What did Johannes Kepler discover?

A

that planets move in ellipses(not perfect circle); that planets change speed

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21
Q

What is inertia?

A

tendency of object to stay still or in motion in straight line at uniform speed until acted on by outside source

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22
Q

What did Galileo discover relating to physics?

A

that weight doesn’t effect the speed of fall; things fall at constant rate of acceleration

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23
Q

Where/what city did Galileo study?

A

Padua, Italy

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24
Q

What other science did Galileo study? (in addition to physics)

A

science of ballistics (projectiles/parabolas)

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25
Q

Why was Galileo hated?

A

saw impurities of the universe and catholic church thought univeres/God’s creation was perfect

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26
Q

What did Descartes do relating to math?

A

created analytic/coordinate geometry

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27
Q

Who said “I think therefore I am”

A

Renne Descartes

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28
Q

What philosphy did Descartes believe?

A

Cartesian Dualism

29
Q

What is Cartesian Dualism?

A

Idea th at everything is either mind or matter (God=mind, everything else=matter, humans=both)

30
Q

Who discovered gravity/made those laws?

A

Issac Newton

31
Q

What did Newton do?

A

discovered gravity; invented Calculas; made a better telescope

32
Q

What group did Newton lead?

A

Royal Society (Scientific)

33
Q

What was Newton’s book called?

A

Principia

34
Q

What principal was Francis Bacon in favor of?

A

empiricism

35
Q

What is empiricism?

A

the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory perception of external reality

36
Q

Who was in favor of empiricism?

A

Bacon and Locke

37
Q

What is pragmatism?

A

idea that truth is practical

38
Q

Who was known as the “trumpeter of a new age”?

A

Francis Bacon (philosopher of science)

39
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe?

A

humans need gov. because of selfish nature

40
Q

What is hobbius?

A

state of chaos in society/people/government

41
Q

What is materialism?

A

idea that the only thing that exists is matter

42
Q

What did Hobbes do?

A

wrote book about social contract (Leviathan)

43
Q

What is relativism?

A

idea that there is no actual truth - only beliefs

44
Q

What is rationalism?

A

idea that all truth comes from reasoning

45
Q

Who was known as the “Father of Modern Anatomy”?

A

Andreas Vesalius

46
Q

When was Vesalius’ book ‘On the Fabric of the Human Body’ published?

A

1543

47
Q

What did Vesalius do/discover?

A

preformed secret dissections; discovered that Galen’s(auctore) ideas on anatomy were wrong

48
Q

Who discovered blood circulation?

A

William Harvey

49
Q

What is histology and physiology?

A

study of anatomy involving tissues and their structure

50
Q

Who named Eustation tubes?

A

Bartolomeo Eustachi

51
Q

Who named Fallopian tubes?

A

Gabriele Fallopio

52
Q

Who is known as the “Father of Microbiology”?

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

53
Q

What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do?

A

Introduced the micro-world/microbiology

54
Q

What did Robert Hooke do?

A

named the cell

55
Q

What did Paracelsus study?

A

toxicology (chemistry/medicine)

56
Q

Who is known as the “Father of Modern Chemistry”?

A

Robert Boyle

57
Q

What did Michel de Montaigne do?

A

published book about essays; started idea of writing with opinion; skepticism

58
Q

What is the deductive method of reasoning?

A

starting with generalization and ending with specifics

59
Q

What is the inductive method of reasoning?

A

starting with specifics and ending with generatlization

60
Q

What did people was in the body that affected one’s personality?

A

the Four Humors

61
Q

What were the Four Humors and their meaning?

A

Black bile - sadness; Phlegm - calm; Blood - happy; Yellow Bile - mad

62
Q

What did John Locke believe about government?

A

Religion should not be invloved - controversal (but was not against religion in general)

63
Q

What 3 things did Locke say are needed in society?

A

Life, liberty, and property

64
Q

What government idea did Locke come up with? (has to do with democracy)

A

separation of powers: legislative, exective, judicial

65
Q

What is deism?

A

idea that there is a God but he does not interfere with universe because it is a “clock”; there are no miracles

66
Q

What did Locke believe related to empiricism?

A

tabula rasa - mind is clean slate that experience fills

67
Q

What did Blaise Pascal create related to math?

A

Pascal’s triangle

68
Q

How did Pascal see the world?

A

theorist; pure reason leads to dead end; infinite emptiness

History Unit 1 Test (3 decks)

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