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History Unit 1 Test > Scientific Revolution > Flashcards

Scientific Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the 3 auctores?

A

Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galen

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2
Q

Which auctore studied physics?

A

Aristotle

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3
Q

Which auctore studied medicine and anatomy?

A

Galen

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4
Q

Which auctore studied astronomy and geography?

A

Ptolemy

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5
Q

What did Ptolemy create and think?

A

Ptolemaic Universe, geocentric system

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6
Q

What is the geocentric system?

A

Idea by Ptolemy that the earth is the center of the universe

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7
Q

What surrounds and moves the earth in the Ptolemaic Universe?

A

Crystalline Spheres

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8
Q

What is the outermost crystalline sphere in the Ptolemaic Universe that moves all the others?

A

Primum Mobile/First Mover

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9
Q

Who proved Ptolemy and the geocentric system wrong?

A

Nicholas Copernicus

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10
Q

What is the heliocentric system?

A

sun is the center of the universe/solar system

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11
Q

What year was the heliocentric system revealed in Copernicus’ book ‘On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres’ ?

A

1543

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12
Q

How did people explain the inconsistency of planet movement? (why they dont move in perfect circle)

A

epicycles

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13
Q

What are epicycles?

A

circles on circles; used to explain planet movement inconsistency

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14
Q

What did people believe space was made out of?

A

celestial matter/5th element/ether/quintessence

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15
Q

What was the mechanistic universe?

A

idea that the universe is like a machine:predictable and always working

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16
Q

Who made the best observations of the sky without a telescope?

A

Tycho Brahe

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17
Q

What did Tycho Brahe see/discover?

A

Nova/exploding star; comets

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18
Q

What did Tycho Brahe study (in addition to astronomy) that was semi-controversial?

A

pseudo science/astrology

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19
Q

Who was Tycho Brahe’s apprentis?

A

Johannes Kepler

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20
Q

What did Johannes Kepler discover?

A

that planets move in ellipses(not perfect circle); that planets change speed

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21
Q

What is inertia?

A

tendency of object to stay still or in motion in straight line at uniform speed until acted on by outside source

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22
Q

What did Galileo discover relating to physics?

A

that weight doesn’t effect the speed of fall; things fall at constant rate of acceleration

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23
Q

Where/what city did Galileo study?

A

Padua, Italy

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24
Q

What other science did Galileo study? (in addition to physics)

A

science of ballistics (projectiles/parabolas)

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25
Why was Galileo hated?
saw impurities of the universe and catholic church thought univeres/God's creation was perfect
26
What did Descartes do relating to math?
created analytic/coordinate geometry
27
Who said "I think therefore I am"
Renne Descartes
28
What philosphy did Descartes believe?
Cartesian Dualism
29
What is Cartesian Dualism?
Idea th at everything is either mind or matter (God=mind, everything else=matter, humans=both)
30
Who discovered gravity/made those laws?
Issac Newton
31
What did Newton do?
discovered gravity; invented Calculas; made a better telescope
32
What group did Newton lead?
Royal Society (Scientific)
33
What was Newton's book called?
Principia
34
What principal was Francis Bacon in favor of?
empiricism
35
What is empiricism?
the belief that all knowledge is derived from sensory perception of external reality
36
Who was in favor of empiricism?
Bacon and Locke
37
What is pragmatism?
idea that truth is practical
38
Who was known as the "trumpeter of a new age"?
Francis Bacon (philosopher of science)
39
What did Thomas Hobbes believe?
humans need gov. because of selfish nature
40
What is hobbius?
state of chaos in society/people/government
41
What is materialism?
idea that the only thing that exists is matter
42
What did Hobbes do?
wrote book about social contract (Leviathan)
43
What is relativism?
idea that there is no actual truth - only beliefs
44
What is rationalism?
idea that all truth comes from reasoning
45
Who was known as the "Father of Modern Anatomy"?
Andreas Vesalius
46
When was Vesalius' book 'On the Fabric of the Human Body' published?
1543
47
What did Vesalius do/discover?
preformed secret dissections; discovered that Galen's(auctore) ideas on anatomy were wrong
48
Who discovered blood circulation?
William Harvey
49
What is histology and physiology?
study of anatomy involving tissues and their structure
50
Who named Eustation tubes?
Bartolomeo Eustachi
51
Who named Fallopian tubes?
Gabriele Fallopio
52
Who is known as the "Father of Microbiology"?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
53
What did Antonie van Leeuwenhoek do?
Introduced the micro-world/microbiology
54
What did Robert Hooke do?
named the cell
55
What did Paracelsus study?
toxicology (chemistry/medicine)
56
Who is known as the "Father of Modern Chemistry"?
Robert Boyle
57
What did Michel de Montaigne do?
published book about essays; started idea of writing with opinion; skepticism
58
What is the deductive method of reasoning?
starting with generalization and ending with specifics
59
What is the inductive method of reasoning?
starting with specifics and ending with generatlization
60
What did people was in the body that affected one's personality?
the Four Humors
61
What were the Four Humors and their meaning?
Black bile - sadness; Phlegm - calm; Blood - happy; Yellow Bile - mad
62
What did John Locke believe about government?
Religion should not be invloved - controversal (but was not against religion in general)
63
What 3 things did Locke say are needed in society?
Life, liberty, and property
64
What government idea did Locke come up with? (has to do with democracy)
separation of powers: legislative, exective, judicial
65
What is deism?
idea that there is a God but he does not interfere with universe because it is a "clock"; there are no miracles
66
What did Locke believe related to empiricism?
tabula rasa - mind is clean slate that experience fills
67
What did Blaise Pascal create related to math?
Pascal's triangle
68
How did Pascal see the world?
theorist; pure reason leads to dead end; infinite emptiness

History Unit 1 Test (3 decks)

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