Scientific Method, Microscopy, Phases of the Cell

Question 1

How many steps in the scientific method?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

What is the first step in the scientific method?

Answer 2

Observation

Question 3

What happens during step one of the scientific method/

Answer 3

The scientists make an observation in nature or in a scientific journal.
The observer should be able yo gain valuable background information to become better informed min the area being questioned.
Example What effect does Vitamin C have on the duration of the common cold?

Question 4

What is the second step in the scientific method?

Answer 4

Hypothesis

Question 5

what happens during step two of scientific method?

Answer 5

The scientist will develop a tentative answer to the well formulated questions
Remember research was carried out in the first step to obtain background information
Example Vitamin C will shorten the duration of the common cold

Question 6

what is done to allow the hypothesis to be tested?

Answer 6

the hypothesis is redefined into an “if..then” statement (if x occurs then y happens)
this allows the hypothesis to be tested and it is clear by the end of the experiment if the hypothesis will be accepted or rejected.

Question 7

what is the third step in scientific method

Answer 7

experimentation

Question 8

What happens in step 3

Answer 8

the scientist test the prediction in the step

Question 9

what two variables exist in step 3 of the scientific method

Answer 9

experimental and control

Question 10

what variables exist in experimental variable

Answer 10

independent variable and dependent variable

Question 11

independent variable

Answer 11

what is being manipulated during the experiment
example varying amounts of vitamin c that test subjects receive

Question 12

dependent variable

Answer 12

what is measured during the experiment
example duration of common cold in number of days after taking vitamin c

Question 13

what is control variable

Answer 13

variables kept constant during the experiment
must be kept the same between experimental and control groups
examples geographic location or weather

Question 14

experimental group

Answer 14

subjected to independent variable
exampled those being treated with vitamin c during the experiment

Question 15

control group

Answer 15

standardized not treated with independent variable
exampled this enot consuming vitamin c during the experiment

standardized conditions are what are naturally occurring

Question 16

what two types of data are collected in the third step of scientific method

Answer 16

quantitative and qualitative

Question 17

quantitative data

Answer 17

this type of data is numerical

Question 18

qualitative data

Answer 18

this type of data is descriptive this is subjective

Question 19

what is step 4 of the scientific method

Answer 19

data analysis and collection

Question 20

what happens in step 4 of the scientific method

Answer 20

data should be collected in a clear, concise and consistent manner
need to be specific and can be replicated
tables organize data into rows and columns

Question 21

what are line graphs used to display

Answer 21

relationship between two or more quantitative variables
continuous

Question 22

what are bar graphs used to display

Answer 22

a relationship between a quantitative variable and a qualitative variable
categories discontinuous data

Question 23

What is step 5 of scientific method

Answer 23

summarize the major findings of the experiment
the scientist will accept or reject the hypothesis
if the scientists accept the hypothesis the findings can be shared with the scientific community

Question 24

what are the three concepts of microscopy

Answer 24

magnification
resolution
contrast

Question 25

what is magnification

Answer 25

the extent to which an image is enlarged

Question 26

what is resolution

Answer 26

removing power the ability to clearly distinguish two points

Question 27

contrast

Answer 27

the ability of a specimens ability to stand out against is background reduce add light add dye or stain

Question 28

Light microscope

Answer 28

color image living or non living specimen 40x-1000x magnification

Question 29

compound light microscope

Answer 29

can see inside an organism thin section or specimens light has to be able to pass through it uses 2 lenses at a time

Question 30

name the parts of the compound microscope

Answer 30

1. oculars 2. arm 3. base 4. body 5. revolving nose piece 6. objective lens 7. stage 8. illuminator 9. reostat

Question 31

Name these parts of the compound microscope

Answer 31

1. diaphragm 2. condensor 3. slide adj knobs 4. stage clips 5. coarse adj knob 6. find adj knob

Question 32

what do the oculars do

Answer 32

look through to view spiecimen

Question 33

what is the use function of the condenser

Answer 33

funnels light up has a lever called iris

Question 34

what is the function of the diaphragm

Answer 34

also know as the iris either close or open the condensor

Question 35

what is the funciton of the slide position adj knobs

Answer 35

move stage front back and left to right

Question 36

what is the function of the stage clips

Answer 36

put slide on the stage clips

Question 37

working distance

Answer 37

space between the slide and objectoive lens

Question 38

field of view

Answer 38

what the person using the microscpe sees when looking through the objective lens

Question 39

parfocal

Answer 39

once the microscope is in focus it stays in focus as you move from one objective lens to the next the specimen stays in relative in focus

Question 40

parcentral

Answer 40

as you move from one objective lens to the next the specimen will remain centered if it was originally centered

Question 41

Name the microscope procedures

Answer 41

1. Turn the microscope on 2. Pull back stage clip and place slide on stage. You should be able to read the label of the slide from behind the microscope. The label should be on your left for the slides we are using. Also, the slide should be between the stage clips not under it 3. Try to center the specimen on the slide over the light 4. Using the coarse adjustment knob, raise the stage until it will not raise any more 5. Look through the oculars and using the coarse adjustment knob, focus the slide 6. When the slide is in perfect focus and the specimen is in the center of the slide, move from the scanning power objective lens to the low power objective lens (\*\*note: when using the low and high dry power objective lens only use the fine adjustment knob or you can crack the slide) 7. Focus the slide using the fine adjustment knob 8. When the slide is in focus and centered, move from the low power objective lens to the high dry power objective lens 9. Focus the slide using the fine adjustment knob 10. When you are done looking at the slide (whether you are switching to another slide or done all together) put the stage down, return to scanning power objective, and remove the slide 11. If you are done with the microscope, return the microscope to the cabinet, or place a new slide on the stage and repeat the process

Question 42

how to you find the total magnification

Answer 42

ocular x objective = total magnification

Question 43

total of scaning objective total

Answer 43

1. 4x 2. 40x

Question 44

low power objective total

Answer 44

10 100

Question 45

high power objective total

Answer 45

40x 400x

Question 46

oil immersion objectiv total

Answer 46

100x 1000x

Question 47

name the part of a buccal smear

Answer 47

1. cell membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. mitochondrion 4. nucleus

Question 48

Answer 48

1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase 5. G2 of interphase 6. prometaphase