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Anatomy CCM > Scientific Method, Microscopy, Phases of the Cell > Flashcards

Scientific Method, Microscopy, Phases of the Cell Flashcards

1
Q

How many steps in the scientific method?

A

5

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2
Q

What is the first step in the scientific method?

A

Observation

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3
Q

What happens during step one of the scientific method/

A

The scientists make an observation in nature or in a scientific journal.
The observer should be able yo gain valuable background information to become better informed min the area being questioned.
Example What effect does Vitamin C have on the duration of the common cold?

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4
Q

What is the second step in the scientific method?

A

Hypothesis

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5
Q

what happens during step two of scientific method?

A

The scientist will develop a tentative answer to the well formulated questions
Remember research was carried out in the first step to obtain background information
Example Vitamin C will shorten the duration of the common cold

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6
Q

what is done to allow the hypothesis to be tested?

A

the hypothesis is redefined into an “if..then” statement (if x occurs then y happens)
this allows the hypothesis to be tested and it is clear by the end of the experiment if the hypothesis will be accepted or rejected.

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7
Q

what is the third step in scientific method

A

experimentation

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8
Q

What happens in step 3

A

the scientist test the prediction in the step

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9
Q

what two variables exist in step 3 of the scientific method

A

experimental and control

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10
Q

what variables exist in experimental variable

A

independent variable and dependent variable

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11
Q

independent variable

A

what is being manipulated during the experiment
example varying amounts of vitamin c that test subjects receive

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12
Q

dependent variable

A

what is measured during the experiment
example duration of common cold in number of days after taking vitamin c

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13
Q

what is control variable

A

variables kept constant during the experiment
must be kept the same between experimental and control groups
examples geographic location or weather

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14
Q

experimental group

A

subjected to independent variable
exampled those being treated with vitamin c during the experiment

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15
Q

control group

A

standardized not treated with independent variable
exampled this enot consuming vitamin c during the experiment

standardized conditions are what are naturally occurring

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16
Q

what two types of data are collected in the third step of scientific method

A

quantitative and qualitative

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17
Q

quantitative data

A

this type of data is numerical

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18
Q

qualitative data

A

this type of data is descriptive this is subjective

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19
Q

what is step 4 of the scientific method

A

data analysis and collection

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20
Q

what happens in step 4 of the scientific method

A

data should be collected in a clear, concise and consistent manner
need to be specific and can be replicated
tables organize data into rows and columns

21
Q

what are line graphs used to display

A

relationship between two or more quantitative variables
continuous

22
Q

what are bar graphs used to display

A

a relationship between a quantitative variable and a qualitative variable
categories discontinuous data

23
Q

What is step 5 of scientific method

A

summarize the major findings of the experiment
the scientist will accept or reject the hypothesis
if the scientists accept the hypothesis the findings can be shared with the scientific community

24
Q

what are the three concepts of microscopy

A

magnification
resolution
contrast

25
Q

what is magnification

A

the extent to which an image is enlarged

26
Q

what is resolution

A

removing power the ability to clearly distinguish two points

27
Q

contrast

A

the ability of a specimens ability to stand out against is background

reduce add light
add dye or stain

28
Q

Light microscope

A

color image
living or non living specimen
40x-1000x magnification

29
Q

compound light microscope

A

can see inside an organism
thin section or specimens light has to be able to pass through
it uses 2 lenses at a time

30
Q

name the parts of the compound microscope

A
  1. oculars
  2. arm
  3. base
  4. body
  5. revolving nose piece
  6. objective lens
  7. stage
  8. illuminator
  9. reostat
31
Q

Name these parts of the compound microscope

A
  1. diaphragm
  2. condensor
  3. slide adj knobs
  4. stage clips
  5. coarse adj knob
  6. find adj knob
32
Q

what do the oculars do

A

look through to view spiecimen

33
Q

what is the use function of the condenser

A

funnels light up has a lever called iris

34
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm

A

also know as the iris either close or open the condensor

35
Q

what is the funciton of the slide position adj knobs

A

move stage front back and left to right

36
Q

what is the function of the stage clips

A

put slide on the stage clips

37
Q

working distance

A

space between the slide and objectoive lens

38
Q

field of view

A

what the person using the microscpe sees when looking through the objective lens

39
Q

parfocal

A

once the microscope is in focus it stays in focus as you move from one objective lens to the next the specimen stays in relative in focus

40
Q

parcentral

A

as you move from one objective lens to the next the specimen will remain centered if it was originally centered

41
Q

Name the microscope procedures

A
  1. Turn the microscope on
  2. Pull back stage clip and place slide on stage. You should be able to read the label of the slide from behind the microscope. The label should be on your left for the slides we are using. Also, the slide should be between the stage clips not under it
  3. Try to center the specimen on the slide over the light
  4. Using the coarse adjustment knob, raise the stage until it will not raise any more
  5. Look through the oculars and using the coarse adjustment knob, focus the slide
  6. When the slide is in perfect focus and the specimen is in the center of the slide, move from the scanning power objective lens to the low power objective lens (**note: when using the low and high dry power objective lens only use the fine adjustment knob or you can crack the slide)
  7. Focus the slide using the fine adjustment knob
  8. When the slide is in focus and centered, move from the low power objective lens to the high dry power objective lens
  9. Focus the slide using the fine adjustment knob
  10. When you are done looking at the slide (whether you are switching to another slide or done all together) put the stage down, return to scanning power objective, and remove the slide
  11. If you are done with the microscope, return the microscope to the cabinet, or place a new slide on the stage and repeat the process
42
Q

how to you find the total magnification

A

ocular x objective = total magnification

43
Q

total of scaning

objective

total

A
  1. 4x
  2. 40x
44
Q

low power

objective

total

A

10

100

45
Q

high power

objective

total

A

40x

400x

46
Q

oil immersion

objectiv

total

A

100x

1000x

47
Q

name the part of a buccal smear

A
  1. cell membrane
  2. cytoplasm
  3. mitochondrion
  4. nucleus
48
Q
A
  1. prophase
  2. metaphase
  3. anaphase
  4. telophase
  5. G2 of interphase
  6. prometaphase

Anatomy CCM (3 decks)

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