Anatomical Terminology and Organ Systems Flashcards
superior (cranial)
toward the head end or upper part of a structure of the body above
the head is superior to the abdomen
ABOVE
inferior (Caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body: below
the navel is inferior to the chin
BELOW
anterior (ventral)
toward or at the front of the body: in front of
the breastbone is anterior to the spine
posterior(dorsal)
toward or at the back if the body; behind
the heart is posterior to the breastbone
medial
toward to at the midline of the body; on the inner side
of
the heart is medial to the arm
intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder
lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
the elbow is proximal to the wrist
distal
farther form the origin of a body part or the paint of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
the knee is distal to thigh
superficial external
toward or at the body surface
the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles
deep(internal)
away from the body surface; more internal
the lungs are deep to the skin
cranial cavity
brain
vertebral cavity
contains the spinal cord
thoracic cavity
contains heart and the lungs
pleural cavity
fluid filled space around the lungs
pericardial cavity
fluid filled space around the heart
abdominopelvic cavity
consists of abdominal and pelvic cavities
abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs, kidneys and uretrers
pelvic cavity
contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs and the rectum
RUQ
right upper quadrant
LUQ
left upper quadrant
RLQ
right lower quadrant
LLQ
lower left quadrant
epigastric region (E)
located in the middle column; contains the duodenum and parts of the following: liver, stomach, and pancreas
umbilical region (U)
located in the center of the grid; contains parts of both the transverse colon and the small intestine
right hypogastric region (RH)
located to the subjects right of the epigastric region; contains the gallbladder and part of both the right kidney and the liver
left hypochondriac region (LH)
located to the subjects left of the epigastric region; contains the spleen and parts of the following stomach, left kidney, and large intestine
right lumbar region (RL)
located to the subjects right of the umbilical region; contains parts of the following; large intestine, small intestine, and left the kidney
left lumbar region (LL)
located to the subjects left of umbilical region contains parts of the following large intestine, small intestine, and left kidney
right iliac region RI)
located to the subjects right of the hypogastric region; contains the bottom of the cecum, the appendix and part of the small intestine
left iliac region (LI)
located to the subjects left
serous membrane
consists of a single layer of flattened mesothelial cells applied to the surface of a thin layer of collagenous tissue that attaches to underlying endothoracic/transversalis fascia. The mesothelium of the serous membrane forms the lining of a closed serous membrane cavity.
Peritoneum
the peritoneal cavity is found within the abdominal & pelvic body cavities. Connecting peritoneum forms:
— mesentery — ligament
Pleura
two pleural cavities (separated by mediastinum) are found within the thoracic cavity. Parietal pleura is further subdivided into:
— costal pleura
— diaphragmatic pleura
Pericardium
the pericardial cavity is found within the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. Visceral pericardium is also called epicardium
Vaginal tunics
the cavity of the vaginal process begins at the vaginal ring and extends into the scrotum around the spermatic cord & testis.
integumentary system
forms external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury
skeletal system
protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
muscular system
allows manipulation of the environment locomotion and facial expression
nervous system
as the fast acting control system of the body it responds to internal and external changes
endocrine system
glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth reproduction
cardiovascular system
blood vessels transport blood which carries oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients wastes
lymphatic system immunity
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and return it to blood disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
respiratory system
keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
digestive system
breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells ingestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
urinary system
eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body regulates water electrolyte and aid based balance of the blood
male reproductive system
overall function is production of offspring
female reproduction
overall function is production of offspring
