Scientific Method Flashcards
Scientific Revolution Definition
A revolution in human understanding and knowledge about the physical universe
Before the Scientific Revolution knowledge was based on?
superstition and religious belief
What is heresy
What would happen if you disagreed with the church?
Heresy
What were the agents of change during the Scientific revolution?
Universities, The Crusades, and The Renaissance
What did universities did that helped the Scientific Revolution era?
Universities brought together leading scientific minds, encouraged intellectual debate, sparked interest in research and discovery
What did the crusades help the Scientific Revolution era?
The Crusades and expansion of trade networks
What did the renaissance do to help the Scientific revolution era?
- inspired advances in art and literature
- educated Europeans look beyond Church and the Bible for knowledge and truth
- wealthy families (such as the Medici in Italy) supported scientific research
How did the crusades expand on their trade networks?
Europeans put in greater contact with Muslim societies that made important mathematical and scientific discoveries
What did people learn during the exploration era?
- Challenges of navigating the Atlantic Ocean, around Africa motivated advances in math, astronomy, and cartography
- European monarchs supported/funded scientific research
How did the printing press help during the Scientific Revolution era?
Printing press helped spread new ideas quickly and easily
What inventions made the scientific discoveries possible?
telescope, microscope
Who created the scientifc method and whats its purpose?
Francis Bacon. Rely on careful observation and experimentation rather than simply relying on one’s own thought and reasoning
Explain the Scientific method
- Observe an object or phenomenon
- Develop a theory that explains the object or phenomenon
- Test the theory with experiments then make conclusions
Ptolemaic Universe- Geocentric mean
The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology that assumes Earth is stationary and at the center of the universe. In this model, the heavenly bodies (Sun, Moon, planets, and stars) travel in uniform motion along the most “perfect” path possible, a circle. The Ptolemaic system was named after Greek astronomer Ptolemy.
Heliocentric model of the Universe
Heliocentrism, a cosmological model in which the Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point (e.g., of the solar system or of the universe) while the Earth and other bodies revolve around it.
Who theorized Heliocentric model of the universe?
Nicolaus Copernicus
How does earth rotate around the sun?
Movement of sun around the earth caused by daily rotation of earth on its axis and orbit of earth around the sun
Who made the geocentric view of the solar system
Ptolemy of Alexandria in the 2nd century CE
What did Galileo Galilei create, discovered, and/or destoryed
Created several different telescopes
Discovered:
There were mountains on the Moon
Jupiter has multiple moons
Destroyed Ptolemaic/Geocentric model
Isaac Newton had some ideas/ creations what they were?
1.Universal law of gravitation (which explains why planetary bodies continue in elliptical orbits about the sun)
2. Defined 3 Laws of Motion that govern the planetary bodies, as well as objects on earth
-Law of Inertia
-Fundamental Law of Dynamics
-Law of Reciprocal Actions
How did churches react to science
Christian churches support theories of Aristotle, Ptolemy
Protestants condemned Copernicus and others
Catholic Church condemns heliocentrism
What would the church do to scientist/philosophers who disagreed with them?
They would send their own assassins to kill them off or burn or kill them in public in front of a crowd
What were the impacts that would change how people saw and interpreted the world
The Scientific Method would lead to more consistent, reproducible, and accurate findings
Shift in worldview: this intellectual revolution changed the way people saw and interpreted the world
Questioning of religious authorities
Set the stage for the Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers aimed to make conclusions based on observation, logic, and reason, rather than on faith
What was Rene Descrates “Doubt Until Proven True” about?
René Descartes believes that science should be approached by establishing a solid foundation of knowledge based on clear and distinct principles. He emphasized that individual consciousness is the only indubitable proof of existence.
What is Galileo known for creating? What did he do with it?
He was known for creating the telescope. He used it to look upon the heavens.
How did Galileo assist Copernicus in his theory on heliocentric model?
Galileo observed four moons in orbit around Jupiter, which provided strong support for Copernicus’ theory. Although Galileo was not the first to propose heliocentrism. His discoveries played a significant role in popularizing Copernicus’ ideas.
What are two of Newton’s accomplishments?
Two of Sir Newton’s accomplishments would be the making of the laws of motion and universal gravitation. During the renaissance he proved an object’s motion to the forces acting on it. He also proved that gravity will pull objects that have different masses and denitiys to the floor / earth at the same time.
Law of Inertia
Bodies in motion tend to stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force.
Fundamental Law of Dynamics
The velocities of objects change when outside forces are applied
Law of Reciprocal Actions
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
