Scientific knowledge (WK)

Question 1

Deduction?

Answer 1

Coined by Descartes. The logical sequence of events that lead to a conclusion. All men wear shoes. Sam is a man. Sam wears shoes. In deduction, if the premise is true, then the conclusion is true.

Question 2

Induction?

Answer 2

Coined by Francis Bacon. Take an observation and make an inference. The sun came up yesterday and the day before, therefore it will come up tomorrow. Empiricism.

Question 3

Components of an argument?

Answer 3

Premises (Justification) and Conclusion.

Valid + Grounded = Sound.

Question 4

Conditional logic

Answer 4

If P then Q……… If -P then -Q………..

Question 5

Falsification

Answer 5

In science a theory must be able to be falsified, this is one of the main ideas of what science is. Example: All swans are white….. This could be falsified by observing one black swan.

Question 6

Inference to the best explanation

Answer 6

Choosing the best hypothesis for the data.

Question 7

Nomological model

Answer 7

Composed of explanan and explanandum. Why is there smoke (explanandum) Because there is fire (explanan)

Question 8

Null hypothesis

Answer 8

That there will be no difference in the sample to the population.

Question 9

P value

Answer 9

The probability of where a certain value will fall on the distribution…… written as a number between 0 and 1.