Everything before wk 3

Question 1

Counterfactual argument

Answer 1

Changing something about a situation to look at what different consequences could have been. “If that car hadn’t of pulled out in front of me I would not have crashed.

Question 2

What is Laplace’s Demon

Answer 2

A thought experiment to explain determinism. The idea that if a demon knew the position and motion of every atom and molecule in the universe it could use that to make predictions of the future.

Question 3

Democritus view of the universe

Answer 3

The universe is made from atoms chrning in the chaos colliding with each other.

Question 4

Aristotle four causes (Causality)

Answer 4

Material (Material something is made of) DNA
Formal (The shape something is) Human Shape
Efficient (How something was made) Made by Parents
Final (Final Cause) Existing as a human.

Question 5

Aristotle’s view of the soul

Answer 5

The soul is the organic form of the body, the body and the soul are one and the same.

Question 6

Mathematical universe Hypothesis.

Answer 6

The universe is made up of mathematical properties. Ascribed to by Plato and Pythagoris.

Question 7

Instrumentalist view of science

Answer 7

That the value of science is not in whether it can determine truths, but whether or not it can make valid predictions.

Question 8

Nancy Cartwright view of the universe

Answer 8

That the laws of nature and physics as we know them may not exist everywhere in the universe.

Question 9

DAG

Answer 9

Directed Acyclic Graphs. A graph where variables cause an effect on another variable. The effects move in one direction. It can not move backwards.

Question 10

DAG
Chain
Collider
Common Cause
Confounding

Answer 10

Chain- Variable cause effects in linear fashion
Collider- The common effect from two or more variables.
Confounding- a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable

Question 11

Experimental design.

Answer 11

Mills method of difference. A control group and and experimental group. All aspects are the same for both groups except for one, the aspect of difference.

Question 12

Two self-selected groups (Experiment using T test)

Answer 12

Where the groups are self selected. ie. gender, age.

Question 13

Two conditions experiment

Answer 13

Where there is no control group, but it is necessary to see the difference between two groups. ie. the two barley types for example.