Scientific Foundations Flashcards
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Contains calcium ions
T-tubules
Terminate near z line, deliver signal from motor neuron
A band
I band
Z line
H zone
Alignment of myosin
Contains actin
Splits i band
Center containing myosin
Sliding filament stages
Resting Excitation contraction coupling Contraction Recharge Relaxation
Extrafusal vs intrafusal
Normal fibers vs muscle spindles
Atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid and mitral, seperate ventricles and atria
Semilunar valves
Aortic and pulmonary
Seperate aorta and pulmonary arteries from ventricles
P wave
Qrs
T wave
Depolarization of atria
Depolarization of vents and atrial repol
Vent repol
Work
Force x displacement
Power
Work/time
Rotational work
Torque x angular displacement
Rotational power
Rotational work/time
Classic formula
Load lifted/bodyweight^2/3
Lactate threshold vs OBLA
1st point in lactate rise
Equal to ventillatory threshold
2nd point
4mmol/L
Fast glycolysis
Lactate oxidized in cori cycle
Slow glycolysis
Pyruvate to mitochondria becomes acetyl coA and enters krebs cycle
Combination training
Combining aerobic and anaerobic
Gas
General adaptation syndrome
Begins with alarm reaction
Anabolic hormones
Insuling igf test and gh
Permissive hormones
Thyroid
Catabolic hormones
Cortisol and progesterone
Allosteric binding
Block of receptors primary binding site
Steroid hormones
From adrenal cortex and gonads
Fat soluble can diffuse membrane
Cortisol, test, estradiol
Polypeptide hormones
Gh and insulin
Use secondary messangers
Regulated via neg feedback
Amine hormones
From aa tyrosine and tryptophan
Tyrosine-epi, norepi, dopa
Tryptophan-serotonin
Use secondary messengers
Where is insulin like growth factor produced
Liver
Where is cortisol from
Adrenal cortex
Systematic desensitization
Countrr conditiong to remove fear
When to enhance vs reduce arousal
Reduce for compex skills enhance for simple skills
Optimal carbs during prolonged endurance exc
50g glucose fructose mix per hour
Protein amount for increase in lbm
1.5-2g per kg/bw
Proper usg to ensure adequate hydration
Less than 1.020
Size principle
Motor units are recruited in selective order based on recruitment threshold and firing rate
Max tidal volume increase with aerobic exc
3.0L
Rate pressure product
Hr x systolic bp
Percent water loss to begin performance decrease
2-3% weight lost in water
How long to loss strength adaptations
4 weeks
Timeframe for bone remodeling and bmd increase
6+ months
Frank startling mechanism
Stretched heart from diastole volume increases systol pressure
What does l carnitine help with
Pain muscle damage and metabolic stress
Most appropriate age category assessment for youth athletes
Biological age
Substance that enhances high intensity exercise from 60sec to 6 mins
Sodium bicarbonate
Which phase of ssc stores potential energy
Eccentric
Vo2 max decrease of highly trained indv during detraining
6-20%
Best predictor of aerobic performance
Max lactic steady state
The point in adolescence where peak strength gains appear
1.2 years post peak height velocity
Primary variable in determining sprint speed
Rate of force dev
Most useful goals for specific practice session
Process goals
What effect does overtraining have within muscle tissue
Decreased glycogen storage
What causes amenorrhea
Insufficient luteinizing hormone
At what age does peak height velocity typically occur
Ages 12 to 14
What substance mostly helps enhance recovery in untrained athletes
Hmb
Most accurate method of measuring intensity
Blood lactate concentration
What sport benefits from the use of beta blockers
Biathlon
Do dietary supplements have to meet FDA standards for safety and effectiveness
No
