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Rad Sciences > Sciences Unit 2 SG > Flashcards

Sciences Unit 2 SG Flashcards

1
Q

What things must we consider every time we image a pt that may effect technical factors?
(7)

A 
Body habitus 
Age
Gender
Pathos 
Race 
Tissue amt
Contrast mediums
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2
Q

If z# is increased, what happens to attenuation and density?

A

A=I

D=D

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3
Q

If tissue density is increased, what happens to attenuation and density?

A

A: I
D: D

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4
Q

If part thickness is increased, what happens to attenuation and density?

A

A:I
D:D

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5
Q

If + contrast is increased, what happens to attenuation and density?

A

A:I
D:D

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6
Q

If - contrast is increased, what happens to attenuation and density?

A

A:D
D:I

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7
Q

5 additive pathos

A 
Pulmonary edema 
Cirrhosis
Osteoarthritis
Abcess
TB
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8
Q

5 destructive pathos

A 
Bowel obstruction 
Pagets
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Pneumothorax
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9
Q

What specific change is needed for post mortem images

A

Increase mA 25-50%

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10
Q

What specific change is needed for pulmonary edema?

A

Increase 5-15% kV

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11
Q

What specific change is needed for pt with muscle atrophy

A

Decrease mA 25-50%

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12
Q

What specific change is needed for pt with osteoporosis

A

Decrease kV 5-15%

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13
Q

What specific change is needed for increased pt thickness

A

2x mA for every 4-5 cm over/under ave

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14
Q

Why do additive pathos usually require an increase in kV

A

More minerals, denser tissue, sometimes thicker body part

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15
Q

Why do destructive pathos require less kV

A

Size or thickness

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16
Q

Why does bone increase attenuation

A

Bone has highest density, more minerals, harder for photons to pass through

17
Q

Why does muscle increase attenuation

A

Muscle had high water content

18
Q

Why do elderly generally result in decreased attenuation

A

Decrease in muscle, bone density, thickness

Increase in easier to penetrate fat

19
Q

What is HVL of human tissue, when and how do we change technique based on this

A

4-5 cm, reduce or add 2xmAs for every 4-6 cm

20
Q

Relationship between differential absorption and subject contrast

A

Differential absorption effects subject contrast directly

21
Q

Specific example of subject distortion and how do we overcome it

A

LSS apophyseal joints. We angle pt so beam is perp because joints sit obliquely

22
Q

Provide a specific example of subject distortion and how we overcome this during positioning

A

Spine/KUB with large patient, increased OID, decreased detail

23
Q

Describe the difference in the location of ionization chanbers vs the older phototiers within the table assembly

A

Old: under cassette
New: above IR

24
Q

Describe what happens to the exposure time when using AEC and decreasing kVp

A

increase time

25
Q

Describe what happens to the exposure time when using AEC and increasing mA station used

A

Decrease time

26
Q

Describe what happens to the exposure time when using AEC and collimating too tightly so it cuts off a photocell

A

increase time

27
Q

Why is backup time significant in a modern AEC unit? What do we have to assure regarding our time setting when using AEC and what happens if we don’t

A
  1. Prevent tube from overheating/damaged, over exposure to pt
  2. 150% of manual anticipated time
28
Q

When is it acceptable to use the “density” setting

A

only use for temporary equipment problems or unusual pathos

29
Q

What are the government requirements for mAs using AEC

A

Exposure terminated at 600 mAs

30
Q

List 2 specific projections that are best performed without the use of AEC and briefly describe why they are best performed with out

A

AP humerus, it’s thin and won’t cover photocell, will be very underexposed
AP Cspine, very thin bone won’t cover photocell

31
Q

What is average AP and Lateral abdomen measurements

A

AP: 22cm
Lat: 30cm

32
Q

What happens to attenuation when you increase atomic density/number

A

increase

33
Q

What happens to attenuation with increased density

A

increase

34
Q

What happens to attenuation with increased pt thickness

A

increase

Rad Sciences (6 decks)

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