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Rad Sciences > Sciences Unit 1 > Flashcards

Sciences Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic quality=

A

balance between the photographic and geometric characteristics of our image

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2
Q

2 Geometric properties of an image

A

Detail

Distortion

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3
Q

Detail

A

degree of accuracy of the structural lines actually recorded on the image

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4
Q

Distortion

A

Misrepresentation of the size or shape of the structures

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5
Q

What properties control geometric detail

A

recorded detail

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6
Q

What properties control photographic properties

A

Visibility of detail

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7
Q

Recorded Detail def

A

accuracy of structural lines actually recorded

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8
Q

Recorded Detail AKA

A 
Sharpness
geometric sharpness
definition
spatial resolution
umbra
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9
Q

Umbra def

A

Distinctly sharp area of a shadow

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10
Q

Penumbra def

A

imperfect

unsharp shadow

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11
Q

Term used for measuring detail with film screen

A

resolution

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12
Q

How is resolution measured

A

Line pairs per mm, resolution tool

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13
Q

3 Factors affecting detail

A

Geometry
Image Receptor
Motion

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14
Q

3 Things we have control over to “fix” detail

A

eliminate motion
reduce OID
reduce FSS

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15
Q

What 2 factors affect detail

A

Distance(OID/SID)

FSS

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16
Q

Why does FSS cause geo unsharpness

A

beam diverges as they leave the target

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17
Q

How does distance affect geo unsharpness

A

^distance = ^divergence

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18
Q

Geometric blur

A

area where beam diverges

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19
Q

Which distace issue is most important to fix if you have to choose 1

A

OID

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20
Q

Geometric blur/OID relationship

A

Direct

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21
Q

Geo blur/SID relationship

A

inverse

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22
Q

What distance options will give you the highest resolution

A

decreased OID and increased SID

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23
Q

FSS is controlled by

A

the line-focus principle

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24
Q

SFS= _______ geo blur

A

less

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25
Q

LFS=________ geo blur

A

more

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26
Q

What controls penumbra

A

FSS

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27
Q

Where does penumbra come from

A

fact that photons do not come from a point source

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28
Q

FSS/Penumbra relationship

A

direct

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29
Q

Typical SFS mm

A

.6mm

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30
Q

Typical LFS mm

A

1.2 mm

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31
Q

To min geo unsharpness use what focal spot

A

smalles

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32
Q

to min geo unsharpness use what SID

A

greatest practical

33
Q

To min geo unsharpness use what OID

A

lowest

34
Q

What shape would produce a perf sharp image

A

trapezoidal

35
Q

unsharpness/detail relationship

A

inverse

36
Q

GUS formula

A

FSSxOID / SOD

37
Q

F/S Image Receptor faster combo = ____ resolution

A

less

38
Q

slow combo f/s image receptors

A

increased resolution and dose

39
Q

What do you use to test cassette quality

A

wire mesh

40
Q

Matrix

A

the whole picture/all pixels combined

41
Q

^matrix size=___ resolution

A

increase

42
Q

smaller pixel pitch=______ resolution

A

higher

43
Q

What IR size should be used for greater detail

A

smallest IR positive

44
Q

Monitor quality test used

A

Monitor quality assurance

used to see that all four corners look alike

45
Q

What is printer resolution determined by

A

dpi, dots per inch

46
Q

Higher dpi=___ resolution

A

higher

47
Q

1 Cause of image unsharpness

A

Motion

48
Q

3 Types of motion

A

Voluntary
Involuntary
Equipment

49
Q

Best way to reduce motion

A

Communication

50
Q

2 other ways to reduce motion

A

Exposure time reduction

Immobilization

51
Q

List of immobilizers in order

A
  1. Male relatives
  2. Female relatives
  3. non-tech staff
  4. techs
  5. students
52
Q

Distortion

A

Misrepresentation of size and/or the shape of the object being imaged

53
Q

2 Types of distortion

A
  1. Size distortion

2. Shape distortion

54
Q

What is seen with size distortion

A

Magnification

55
Q

What 2 things is size distortion affected by

A

SID

OID

56
Q

2 things seen with shape distortion

A

elongation

foreshortening

57
Q

What is elongation affected by

A

CR/IR Misalignment

58
Q

what is foreshortening affected by

A

part being misaligned

59
Q

Elongation makes objects appear (2)

A

longer and thinner

60
Q

Foreshortening makes objects appear (2)

A

shorter and wider

61
Q

size distortion/OID relationship

A

directly proportional

62
Q

size distortion/ SID relationship

A

inversely

63
Q

Magnification formula

A

Image width/ object with or

SID/OID

64
Q

Define macroradiography

A

When we mag intentionally for very small anatomy

65
Q

What is Macroradiography AKA?

A

Magnification

66
Q

What does macro use to image

A

microfocus tubes

67
Q

What benefit does a fractional FSS have?

A

helps gain back some of the detail lost by the magnification

68
Q

What is a risk of fractional FSS?

A

Increased OID increases pt skin dose

69
Q

What is size distortion referred to

A

“true distortion”

70
Q

What causes elongation

A

tube

IR alignment

71
Q

What causes Foreshortening

A

Part not aligned

72
Q

What is size distortion dependent on

A

CR/part/image receptor relationship

73
Q

What should always be perpendicular to the part

A

CR

74
Q

What should always be // to the part

A

IR

75
Q

What is foreshortening most often caused by

A

the part not being parellel with iR

76
Q

What may distortion lead to diagnostically

A

incorrect dx, not seen or make a fx seem worse

77
Q

2 bones are superimposed, what will get thrown the furthest when a tube is angled?

A

The furthest one from the IR, or closest to the tube

78
Q

2 reasons why we intentionally distort

A

trying to “undistort” anatomy that may not be parallel to the IR
To prevent superimposition of one anatomical structure over another

79
Q

What is intentional distorment AKA

A

Displacement

Rad Sciences (6 decks)

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