Science Vocabulary Test (Anatomy) Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of the form/structure of all living things
Physiology
The study of the function of all living things
Anatomical position
Normal standing position, reference point, facing forward, palms out, & feet slightly apart
Sagittal plane
Divides your body into right and left portions
Frontal plane
Divides your body into front & back portions
Transverse plane
Divides the body into top and bottom portions
Quadrants
Dividers for the human abdomen: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
Posterior/Dorsal body cavity
Includes cranial and spinal cavities, and are located on the back side of our body
Cranial cavity
Holds the brain
Spinal cavity
Surrounds the spinal cord
Anterior/Ventral body cavity
Includes all cavities located on the front side of the body
Thoracic cavity
Houses heart and lungs, among other organs
Abdominopelvic
Includes Abdominal and pelvic cavities
Abdominal cavity
Stomach, digestive tract, liver
Pelvic cavity
Reproductive and excretory organs
Oral cavity
Located within mouth
Nasal cavity
Located within nose
Orbital cavities
Hold the eyes
Middle ear cavities
In the skull, chambers for transmitting and amplifying sound
Metric system
Measuring system used all over the world for scientific and medical purposes, and everywhere except US for recreational purposes
Conversion factor
A # that can be used to multiply the units of one measurement system into units of another system
Atoms
Tiny particles
Molecules
Tiny atoms that combined
Cells
Groups of various types of molecules
Tissues
Cell groups with similar functions
Organ
Organized for a specific function and must include at least 2 different types of tissue
Organ system
Includes 2 or more organs that work together
Homeostasis
Regulated physiological balance, aka regular balance in your body from outside conditions
Homeostatic mechanisms
The processes that maintain homeostasis
Receptor
Transmitter that sends external changes to control center
Control center
Gets info from receptors then tells the effector how to maintain homeostasis
Effector
Receiver that tells the body to maintain homeostasis
Negative feedback
Mechanism that reverses a condition that passed normal homeostatic range to restore homeostasis
Positive feedback
Mechanism that further increases a condition that passes normal homeostatic range
Homeostatic imbalance
Lesser ability to keep internal environment normal
Metabolism
Chemical reactions that occur within a living thing to maintain life
Metabolic rate
Speed at which body consumes energy
Anabolism
Simple molecules make complex ones
Catabolism
Complex molecules being broken down into simple ones
Force
Push or pull on a structure
Net force
Single force resulting from sum of all forces acting at a given time
Mass
Quantity of matter an object has
Weight
Force equal to the gravitational acceleration exerted on the mass of an object
Pressure
The amount of force distributed over a given area
Torque
A force that causes a structure to rotate
Compression
Squeezing force
Tension
Pulling/stretching force
Shear
Perpendicular/one-way rubbing force (causes one part to move while other stays)
Stress
The object’s experience from the force
Bending
Force acted on and off-center spot along the length of an object
Torsion
A force that causes an object to twist about it’s length
Combined loading
The simultaneous act of 2 or more forces
Acceleration
How fast an object’s speed is changed
Deformation
Change in shape
Elastic
A response that happens when a structure returns to it’s original size and shape
Plastic
Permanent change in an object’s shape that occurs when deformation breaks elastic limit
