Science USAP 2024-2025 Section 1

Question 1

Study of human activities on environmental systems

Answer 1

Environmental Science

Question 2

Sum total of all the conditions and living and nonliving factors that surround an organism

Answer 2

Environment

Question 3

A set of living and/or nonliving components connected in such a way that changes in one part of the system affect other parts

Answer 3

System

Question 4

Measure that reflects the environmental health of a system

Answer 4

Environmental indicator

Question 5

The diversity of genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems on Earth

Answer 5

Biological Diversity

Question 6

A group of organisms that is distinct from other groups in morphology (body type), physiology, or biochemical properties

Answer 6

Species

Question 7

How many know species are there, and how much is it estimated to actually be

Answer 7

1.8 million, and it’s estimated to be roughly 10 times this number

Question 8

Roughly how much of the species that have ever lived on Earth are extinct

Answer 8

99.9%

Question 9

Environmental periods with no massive environmental or biological upheaval

Answer 9

Quiet periods

Question 10

What is the current background extinction rate

Answer 10

2 mammal extinctions per 10,000 species per 100 years

Question 11

How many species may be going extinct per year

Answer 11

Roughly 40,000

Question 12

Endangered

Answer 12

At risk of going extinct

Question 13

Species of particular importance in an environment or food chain

Answer 13

Keystone species

Question 14

Current population rates

Answer 14

Roughly 378,000 infants are born and 148,000 people die each day resulting in 230,000 new inhabitants on Earth every day, or a million people every 4 days

Question 15

Growth that increases as a percentage of the numbers already in the population

Answer 15

Exponential Growth

Question 16

Provide more than half the calories eaten by humans

Answer 16

Food grains like wheat, corn, and rice

Question 17

How much food is grown per hectare or acre of land

Answer 17

Intensity

Question 18

One crop

Answer 18

High intensity monoculture

Question 19

Many crops

Answer 19

Low intensity polyculture

Question 20

Tons of grain per unit area of land

Answer 20

Yield

Question 21

20% of people who live in these countries consume 45% of all meat and fish, 58% of total energy, 84% of all paper, and own 87% of all automobiles and trucks.

Answer 21

Developed countries

Question 22

20% of these people consume 5% or less of each of these items

Answer 22

The poorest 20%

Question 23

Carbon dioxide, methane

Answer 23

Greenhouse gasses

Question 24

Anthropogenic

Answer 24

Result of human activity

Question 25

This is a malleable material, but it damages the nervous system. Chemical symbol Pb, it has been increased in production for the past 5000 years. Often found in coal, which was burnt

Answer 25

Lead

Question 26

Clean air legislation

Answer 26

After 1975, new cars had to use gasoline without lead

Question 27

Before the 1960s, there was more of this in house paint compared to after the 1960s

Answer 27

Lead

Question 28

Experiment conducted by observing phenomena in the natural world without changing anything

Answer 28

Observational experiment

Question 29

Experiment conducted by changing a variable of a natural or controlled environment

Answer 29

Manipulation experiment

Question 30

Undisturbed group in an experiment

Answer 30

Control group

Question 31

Experimental group

Answer 31

Group that is manipulated

Question 32

Sample size

Answer 32

Number of individuals tested or samples collected

Question 33

2.47 acres

Answer 33

1 hectare

Question 34

System where the exchange of matter or energy between it and other systems occur

Answer 34

Open system

Question 35

A system where the exchange between systems does not occur

Answer 35

Closed system

Question 36

Open system with respect to energy, closed system in respect to matter

Answer 36

Earth

Question 37

Analysis to determine what goes in, what goes out, and what has changed in a given system.

Answer 37

System analysis

Question 38

Starting amount, balance

Answer 38

Pool in system analysis

Question 39

What goes in a system

Answer 39

Input

Question 40

What comes out a system

Answer 40

Output

Question 41

Change in system

Answer 41

Flux

Question 42

Net Flux = Inputs - Outputs

Answer 42

Equation to determine the net change in any system

Question 43

When the input = output and the pool does not change over time

Answer 43

Steady state

Question 44

Balances the effect of a forcing

Answer 44

Negative feedback

Question 45

Increases the effect of the forcing

Answer 45

Positive feedback

Question 46

Stable value for the parametre under examination

Answer 46

Set point

Question 47

Exceeding the stable set point of a system

Answer 47

Overshoot

Question 48

Maximum amount of individuals that can be supported by an environment

Answer 48

Carrying capacity

Question 49

Equation to determine population change

Answer 49

Net Population Change = Input (Births + Immigration) - Outputs (Deaths + Emigration)