Science Section 2 USAP 2024-2025 Flashcards
Genetic variation resulting in environmentally adaptive traits has resulted in a diverse number and types of species
Evolution and Biodiversity
How populations species grow, disperse, and interact with other populations
Community Ecology
The integration of living and nonliving system components in specific geographic areas
Ecosystems
Variation in global patterns of temperature, sunlight, and rainfall are key in creating geographic regions distinguished by different dominant forms of plants and animals
Biomes
Global biogeochemical cycles on which all ecosystems depend
Global Energy and Matter Cycles
The chemical building blocks that provide the blueprint for how every individual organism functions
genes
Current estimate to how many genes humans have
~30,000
When the genes among individuals within the same species change over time
Evolution
Individual traits
Phenotype
Genetic composition and code for phenotype
Genotype
Genes are made up of and organised on:
DNA and organised in the cells structures called chromosomes
Alternate forms of a gene with different instructions on what the gene will produce
Allele
Error made when genetic material is copied
Mutation
Fitness
Relative viability and fertility of an organism
Relative viability
Ability to survive
When did Darwin synthesise the natural selection theory, and what was it called when published
When he was abroad the HMS Beagle, and it was called the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859)
Key Ideas of Natural Selection Theory
-Organisms produce more offspring than needed to replace parents
-Within any species, individuals will have a diverse range of phenotypes
-In a given environment, some phenotypes will enable an organism to survive better than others, ie, they will be more fit
-The fitter organisms will have a better chance of reproducing
Becoming more fit for an environment
Adaptation
When individuals from one population migrate to another population. Eg. if one population mated with another population, the following would occur
Gene flowq
Random change of allele frequencies due to chance,
Genetic Drift
Bottleneck Effect
When a population is drastically decreased in size because of hunting, habitat loss, a natural disaster, or changes in the environment
Cheetah males have __% abnormal sperm cells, which is why cheetahs have low fertility?
70%
The more _______ ________, the _______ the evolution
Genetic variation; quicker
Big Bang Happened
14 Billion Years Ago
