science unit c topic 3 Flashcards
Difference between dispersion and dilution?
Dispersion is the scattering of a substance away from its sources and dilution is the reducing concentration of a pollutant by mixing the polluting substance with large quantities of air or water.
give 4 examples of how groundwater be contaminated?
Leachate - a liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil Composition of soil-affect the rate at which a liquid moves through it. Packed clay (impermeable)- fluids cannot move through it soil grains are packed too closely. Organic material-slow the movement of chemicals. Hazardous materials can be changed by chemical reactions that occur in the soil.
What are the three stages of transporting chemicals in the air
release-at the source
dispersion-by wind in the atmosphere
deposition-in soil or water by rain or snow
lots of wind results in chemical being scattered far
rain or snow may deposit a chemical and stop it from dispersing any further
how are chemicals transported
air, groundwater, surface water, soil
whats the zone that all spaces are filled with water
groundwater
groundwaters slow movement means what
that contaminant cannot be quickly dispersed so it may be concentrated over time
factors affecting the movement of groundwater are
number and connection of pores in the soil
what is permeable soil? and ex
pollutants will be transported farther by groundwater that flows through permeable soil the are more pores/holes so it’s easier to travel through. sand to clay
where do chemicals enter the water
air, groundwater, runoff from agriculture fields, industrial sites, the outflow from storm sewers, sewage treatment plant
what do substances dissolve in water do
substances that dissolve in water may be carried a long way and dispersed. Substances that do not dissolve easily attaches to solid and do not travel so far.
whats leachate
the liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil
what affects the rate and speed at which a liquid moves through it
composition
whats an example of a fluid that cannot move through it because soil grains are packed too closely
clay which is impermeable
what can slow the movement of chemicals
organic material
what can be changed by chemical reactions that occur in the soil
hazardous materials
whats hydrocarbon
spread over the wide area doesn’t dissolve coats soil gran and fills pores
what are the five ways to reduce the concentration of a chemical
dispersion, dilution biodegradation, phytoremediation, photolysis
whats dispersion
scattering of a substance away from its sources ex scattering fertilizer
whats dilution
reducing the concentration of a pollutant by mixing the polluting substances with large quantities of air or water. ex drop of bleach into a tub of water
what does bio and degrade mean
bio=living things degrade=break up
whats biodegradation
breakdown of materials(pollutants) by organisms such as earthworms, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms
bacteria in soil or water are either what
aerobic-requiring oxygen-oxygen present for bacteria to grow or reproduce. affected by temp, soil moisture, oxygen supply, pH, nutrient availability
anaerorbic- not needing oxygen-environment without oxygen ex. landfill sites
what does phyto and remediation mean
phyto=plant
remediation=clean up
whats phytoremediation
the technique uses plants to reduce the concentration of harmful chemicals in soil or groundwater
plants have been used to clean up what
metals, hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, radioactive, materials, explosives, landfill, leachate
whats photolysis
breakdown(lysis) of compounds by the sunlight(photo) ex. formation of ozone
how does photolysis contribute to the formation of ozone
nitrogen dioxide is the presence of light breaks down to form nitrogen monoxide and oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms then combine with oxygen to form ozone.
whats biomagnification
an increase in the concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain
whats crude oil
a mixture of many chemicals
contains hundreds of different molecules in al shapes and sizes.
has to go through oil refinery
what impact did the crude oil spill have on the environment people and animals
ENVIRONMENT~Covered thousands of square kilometers of water and polluted hundreds of kilometers of shoreline. A study was done in 192 estimated that @% of the oil made it to shore. Most of it evaporated or dispersed into water. Ten years after the spill, bacteria, and light had broken down much of the oil.
PLANTS AND ANIMALS~floating algae were killed. Invertebrates near shore couldn’t service. Loss of food and the toxic effect of hydrocarbons, fish eggs, and young fish were sensitive to the chemicals. Lots of fish died or got deformed. Loss of habitat and food. Most animals covered its oil and they got cold. 30000 birds and 5000 sea otters.
PEOPLE~Many people were fishers and could no longer fish. People relied on wildlife and had no money to get it from the store. Tourism went down.
what percent of the oil was recovered. what happened to the rest
14%
Still some remains on beaches. The sediment near parts of the shoreline was removed and replaced.
what are the new oil spill clean up procedures
report skills over 2 m
what does WHMIS stand for
workplace hazardous materials information system
what doe MSDS stands for
Materials safety data sheets
difference between WHMIS and MSDS
WHMIS is saying the dangers of products and MSDS is describing the precautions
storage of chemicals
Leave all products in their original containers with the label intact.
Keep all products in a location not accessible to children. If possible,
keep hazardous products locked up.
Be sure all containers are in good condition and have secure lids.
transportation of chemicals
the trunk of the car or
the box of the truck. Care must be taken that the containers stand upright
and do not move.
disposal of chemicals
Never pour hazardous wastes down a drain or into soil. And never throw
them away in the garbage. Hazardous wastes poured down a drain go into
public sewer systems or septic tanks.
hazardous waste collection sites
Wastes such as paints
and fertilizers can be taken to these
sites for disposal.
