science unit c topic 3

Question 1

Difference between dispersion and dilution?

Answer 1

Dispersion is the scattering of a substance away from its sources and dilution is the reducing concentration of a pollutant by mixing the polluting substance with large quantities of air or water.

Question 2

give 4 examples of how groundwater be contaminated?

Answer 2

Leachate - a liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil
Composition of soil-affect the rate at which a liquid moves through it.
Packed clay (impermeable)- fluids cannot move through it soil grains are packed too closely.
Organic material-slow the movement of chemicals. Hazardous materials can be changed by chemical reactions that occur in the soil.

Question 3

What are the three stages of transporting chemicals in the air

Answer 3

release-at the source
dispersion-by wind in the atmosphere
deposition-in soil or water by rain or snow
lots of wind results in chemical being scattered far
rain or snow may deposit a chemical and stop it from dispersing any further

Question 4

how are chemicals transported

Answer 4

air, groundwater, surface water, soil

Question 5

whats the zone that all spaces are filled with water

Answer 5

groundwater

Question 6

groundwaters slow movement means what

Answer 6

that contaminant cannot be quickly dispersed so it may be concentrated over time

Question 7

factors affecting the movement of groundwater are

Answer 7

number and connection of pores in the soil

Question 8

what is permeable soil? and ex

Answer 8

pollutants will be transported farther by groundwater that flows through permeable soil the are more pores/holes so it’s easier to travel through. sand to clay

Question 9

where do chemicals enter the water

Answer 9

air, groundwater, runoff from agriculture fields, industrial sites, the outflow from storm sewers, sewage treatment plant

Question 10

what do substances dissolve in water do

Answer 10

substances that dissolve in water may be carried a long way and dispersed. Substances that do not dissolve easily attaches to solid and do not travel so far.

Question 11

whats leachate

Answer 11

the liquid that dissolves and carries substances as it passes through the soil

Question 12

what affects the rate and speed at which a liquid moves through it

Answer 12

composition

Question 13

whats an example of a fluid that cannot move through it because soil grains are packed too closely

Answer 13

clay which is impermeable

Question 14

what can slow the movement of chemicals

Answer 14

organic material

Question 15

what can be changed by chemical reactions that occur in the soil

Answer 15

hazardous materials

Question 16

whats hydrocarbon

Answer 16

spread over the wide area doesn’t dissolve coats soil gran and fills pores

Question 17

what are the five ways to reduce the concentration of a chemical

Answer 17

dispersion, dilution biodegradation, phytoremediation, photolysis

Question 18

whats dispersion

Answer 18

scattering of a substance away from its sources ex scattering fertilizer

Question 19

whats dilution

Answer 19

reducing the concentration of a pollutant by mixing the polluting substances with large quantities of air or water. ex drop of bleach into a tub of water

Question 20

what does bio and degrade mean

Answer 20

bio=living things degrade=break up

Question 21

whats biodegradation

Answer 21

breakdown of materials(pollutants) by organisms such as earthworms, bacteria, fungi, microorganisms

Question 22

bacteria in soil or water are either what

Answer 22

aerobic-requiring oxygen-oxygen present for bacteria to grow or reproduce. affected by temp, soil moisture, oxygen supply, pH, nutrient availability
anaerorbic- not needing oxygen-environment without oxygen ex. landfill sites

Question 23

what does phyto and remediation mean

Answer 23

phyto=plant

remediation=clean up

Question 24

whats phytoremediation

Answer 24

the technique uses plants to reduce the concentration of harmful chemicals in soil or groundwater

Question 25

plants have been used to clean up what

Answer 25

metals, hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, radioactive, materials, explosives, landfill, leachate

Question 26

whats photolysis

Answer 26

breakdown(lysis) of compounds by the sunlight(photo) ex. formation of ozone

Question 27

how does photolysis contribute to the formation of ozone

Answer 27

nitrogen dioxide is the presence of light breaks down to form nitrogen monoxide and oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms then combine with oxygen to form ozone.

Question 28

whats biomagnification

Answer 28

an increase in the concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain

Question 29

whats crude oil

Answer 29

a mixture of many chemicals
contains hundreds of different molecules in al shapes and sizes.
has to go through oil refinery

Question 30

what impact did the crude oil spill have on the environment people and animals

Answer 30

ENVIRONMENT~Covered thousands of square kilometers of water and polluted hundreds of kilometers of shoreline. A study was done in 192 estimated that @% of the oil made it to shore. Most of it evaporated or dispersed into water. Ten years after the spill, bacteria, and light had broken down much of the oil.
PLANTS AND ANIMALS~floating algae were killed. Invertebrates near shore couldn’t service. Loss of food and the toxic effect of hydrocarbons, fish eggs, and young fish were sensitive to the chemicals. Lots of fish died or got deformed. Loss of habitat and food. Most animals covered its oil and they got cold. 30000 birds and 5000 sea otters.
PEOPLE~Many people were fishers and could no longer fish. People relied on wildlife and had no money to get it from the store. Tourism went down.

Question 31

what percent of the oil was recovered. what happened to the rest

Answer 31

14%

Still some remains on beaches. The sediment near parts of the shoreline was removed and replaced.

Question 32

what are the new oil spill clean up procedures

Answer 32

report skills over 2 m

Question 33

what does WHMIS stand for

Answer 33

workplace hazardous materials information system

Question 34

what doe MSDS stands for

Answer 34

Materials safety data sheets

Question 35

difference between WHMIS and MSDS

Answer 35

WHMIS is saying the dangers of products and MSDS is describing the precautions

Question 36

storage of chemicals

Answer 36

Leave all products in their original containers with the label intact.
Keep all products in a location not accessible to children. If possible,
keep hazardous products locked up.
Be sure all containers are in good condition and have secure lids.

Question 37

transportation of chemicals

Answer 37

the trunk of the car or
the box of the truck. Care must be taken that the containers stand upright
and do not move.

Question 38

disposal of chemicals

Answer 38

Never pour hazardous wastes down a drain or into soil. And never throw
them away in the garbage. Hazardous wastes poured down a drain go into
public sewer systems or septic tanks.

Question 39

hazardous waste collection sites

Answer 39

Wastes such as paints
and fertilizers can be taken to these
sites for disposal.