science unit c topic 2

Question 1

What are the two biological indicators and examples of each?

Answer 1

Microbiological indicators ex bacteria such as escherichia coli
aquatic indicators ex shrimp, worms, mollusks, clam

Question 2

1. Lots of organims=?
2. Less organisms=?
3. low Ph=?
4. Lots of worms=?

Answer 2

1.healthier water condition and lots of 02
2.may be condition problems
3.no fish(as pH decreases so do the amount of all
organisms)
4.lower 02 levels

Question 3

why is dissolved 02 good?

Answer 3

essential for the life of aquatic organisms because they all need oxygen

Question 4

four factors that affect the amount of 02?

Answer 4

water temp~as temp gets warmer 02 levels go down
turbulence due to wind or speed of moving water~ faster flow to increase oxygen
amount of photosynthesis~more photosynthesis more oxygen
number of organims~more organisms more oxygen required

Question 5

levels of oxygen

Answer 5

less than 2ppm is no life
2 ppm~worms
4 ppm~more organisms
6 ppm~more organisms
8 ppm~ healthy lots, lots of fish

Question 6

whats ppm

Answer 6

a small unit of a chemical

Question 7

problems with phosphorus and nitrogen?

and sources?

Answer 7

helpful but not it too big of quantities

sources are sewage runoff or fertilizer runoff

Question 8

normal pH of snow and rain

Answer 8

5.6

Question 9

what Ph to fish start to die?

Answer 9

4.5

Question 10

Why does the pH of lakes decrease?

Answer 10

Acid runoffs, acidic precipitation, acid rain+acidic snow melting into lakes

Question 11

what are some soil effects on the aquatic system?

Answer 11

soil+water don’t have enough base to neutralize acidic snow or acidic rain

Question 12

what is spring acid shock?

Answer 12

acidic snow builds up in winter and melts in spring. lots of acidic water with low pH runs into lakes at one time shocking the system

Question 13

Pesticides and water?

Answer 13

harmful when not getting broken down in the environment

Question 14

how to organisms respond to pesticides?

Answer 14

develop resistance because they reproduce so fast

Question 15

How do pesticides affect aquatic environments?

Answer 15

very toxic in water even in small amounts

Question 16

what are toxins?

Answer 16

the poison that produces serious health problems or death

Question 17

Whats LD50 used for? and what does Ld and 50 mean?

Answer 17

to compare toxins? LD=lethal dose 50=50%

Question 18

What does Ld50 do?

Answer 18

amount of substance given to organisms that kills 50% of the population at a specific dosage

Question 19

Will all organisms die at the same LD50%

Answer 19

No, all organisms will have different tolerances

Question 20

As LD50 increases, what does toxicity levels do?

Answer 20

They decrease

Question 21

What are heavy metals? examples?

Answer 21

five or more times heavier than an equal volume of water examples are copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, zinc, nickel

Question 22

where are heavy metals found?

Answer 22

natural~rocks, soil, water made~batteries, pipes, fertilizers

Question 23

how do heavy metal get into the water

Answer 23

leach in fertilizers or pipes

Question 24

Sulfur dioxide name

Answer 24

SO2

Question 25

How does sulfur dioxide form?

Answer 25

oxygen combines with sulfur

Question 26

how does sulfur dioxide affect the environment and people?

Answer 26

enviroment~smog, acid rain | people~respirtory system, irritate eyes

Question 27

what are the sources of sulfur dioxide

Answer 27

burning fuels, oil+gas industry, industrial processes

Question 28

how to reduce sulfur dioxide

Answer 28

scrubbers

Question 29

nitrogen oxide name

Answer 29

NO

Question 30

how does nitrogen oxide form

Answer 30

when burning fuels first combine with oxygen to form nitrogen monoxide

Question 31

How does nitrogen oxide affect the environment and people?

Answer 31

enviroment~smog, acid rain | people~respitory system, eyes

Question 32

what are the sources of nitrogen oxide?

Answer 32

combustion in vehicles | industrial processes

Question 33

how to reduce nitrogen oxide?

Answer 33

monitoring | reducing vehicle emissions

Question 34

how is Ground-level ozone produced

Answer 34

the reaction between oxygen, nitrogen oxide and VOCs in sunlight+heat

Question 35

what are VOCs

Answer 35

volatile organic chemicals from man made products

Question 36

How does ground-level ozone affect the environment and people

Answer 36

people~respitory system causes lung disease | plants~affects the crop, wheat, onion

Question 37

Why is ozone important?

Answer 37

its a barrier for UV light

Question 38

sources of ground-level ozone?

Answer 38

fuel combustion in cars and industry

Question 39

Carbon dioxide sources

Answer 39

natural~organisms exhaling, natural fires, volcanoes | man made~factories, devices that burn stuff

Question 40

why should carbon dioxide be monitored closely

Answer 40

because dangerous emissions and levels should be monitored closely

Question 41

what are the greenhouse gases?

Answer 41

H20 vapor, CO, CH4, NOx

Question 42

how does the greenhouse effect work?

Answer 42

when sun rays are trapped by the atmosphere so the eath is warm

Question 43

why is the greenhouse effect called a greenhouse?

Answer 43

a roof like glass so it's transparent like the atmosphere. Sun rays enter and get trapped inside the greenhouse warming the structure inside.

Question 44

What is the enhanced greenhouse effect?

Answer 44

enchanted by humans. adds more greenhouse gases more sunlight is trapped generating even warmer temps

Question 45

what are the effects of the enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 45

global warming, climate change, violent storms, floods, diseases

Question 46

What is global warming?

Answer 46

earth is getting hotter because of the enhanced greenhouse effect

Question 47

sources of global warming

Answer 47

natural~volcanic eruptions, forest fires | people~windmill farms, pollution, cars

Question 48

how to reduce global warming

Answer 48

planting trees increasing public transportation

Question 49

what is the ozone layer

Answer 49

layer high up in the atmosphere(stratosphere) that absorbs ultraviolet radiation so we don't get radiation

Question 50

negative impacts of the ozone layer

Answer 50

loss of ozone results in greater exposure to UV radiation of earth surface more plankton dies, animals that eat plankton die

Question 51

where are chlorofluorocarbons found

Answer 51

applications such as hairspray, refrigerator

Question 52

what do chlorofluorocarbons do

Answer 52

they destroy the ozone layer

Question 53

how to reduce chlorofluorocarbons

Answer 53

monitoring substances

Question 54

carbon monoxide name

Answer 54

CO

Question 55

how is carbon monoxide produced

Answer 55

chemicals containing carbon burn it makes CO when there is not enough oxygen it makes C02.

Question 56

sources of carbon monoxide

Answer 56

produced during burning examples are furnaces forest fires, industrial process

Question 57

what is the silent killer

Answer 57

carbon monoxide

Question 58

risks of carbon monoxide

Answer 58

death, brain damage, loss of O2 to blood

Question 59

how to reduce carbon monoxide

Answer 59

use catalytic converters | reduce emissions of carbon monoxide from vehicle exhausts

Question 60

what does ppm stand for

Answer 60

parts per million

Question 61

what is ppm

Answer 61

the concentration of chemicals in the environment is measured in parts per million or milligrams

Question 62

formula for ppm

Answer 62

(volume of chemical/volume of solution)x1000000=ppm

Question 63

what does ppm mean

Answer 63

one unit of chemical found in a million units of solution