Science unit 4

Question 1

Define each of the following:
Structure:
Function:
Load:

Aesthetics:

Answer 1

An object that serves a purpose
Why the structure was made, the purpose of it
Weight carried or held by a structure

The appearance and design of a structure.

Question 2

Define and provide one manufactured and one natural example for each:
Mass Structure:
Frame Structure:
Shell structure:
Natural Structure:

Answer 2

Made up of piling up of materials, Sand castle, pyramids.
A skeleton of materials, the wood frame of a house, the skeleton of our body.

Hollow and the inside is covered, kresge auditorium, egg shell.

Natural structures are structures that are naturally formed and found in nature.

Question 3

Define each of the following and name the unit of measurement for each:
Mass:
Weight:
Force:

Answer 3

Amount of matter
The measure of the force of gravity pulling on an object

Push or pull

Question 4

Define margin of safety. Describe one change you would make to a bridge to increase its margin of safety.

Answer 4

Something that builders have in mind, that gives structures way more strength than what they would carry, I would make the bridge itself made out of composite materials that have metal rods and concrete.

Question 5

Describe the difference between dead load and live load and provide an example of each.

Answer 5

Dead load: The weight of a structure on itself

Live load: forces that act on a structure

Question 6

Define each of the following:
Tension:
Compression:
Shear:

Torsion:

Answer 6

To stretch a material to pull its ends.
When you crush a material by squeezing it.

To bend or tear something by putting force on it in opposite directions, on different parts.

To twist a material by turning its opposite directions.

Question 7

Define “centre of gravity” and explain how you can use this to determine if a structure will be balanced?

Answer 7

The point which a structure lays stable

Question 8

What is spin stabilization?

Answer 8

Spinning an object to stablize it

Question 9

Identify one external and one internal force that acts on a chair when you are sitting on it.

Answer 9

External force is you sitting on top of it and the internal force is tension force when you’re sitting on it, the force is acting out on the legs of the chair which are facing outwards. Due to this, if the chair were to break due to me sitting on it, the legs would go outwards.

Question 10

Define each of the following:
Pilings:
Foundation:
Footings:

Answer 10

A Cylinder object that is helps to support a structure hold weight
The base of a structure
Base for a wall in the foundation